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Questions and Answers
What was the primary demand of the peasant movement in Awadh?
What was the primary demand of the peasant movement in Awadh?
Who led the peasant movement in Awadh?
Who led the peasant movement in Awadh?
What was the consequence of not paying rent to landlords?
What was the consequence of not paying rent to landlords?
What was the outcome of the Oudh Kisan Sabha being set up?
What was the outcome of the Oudh Kisan Sabha being set up?
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What was the role of Jawaharlal Nehru in the peasant movement?
What was the role of Jawaharlal Nehru in the peasant movement?
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What was the outcome of the peasant movement spreading in 1921?
What was the outcome of the peasant movement spreading in 1921?
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What was the significance of the nai-dhobi bandh?
What was the significance of the nai-dhobi bandh?
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Why was begar a concern for the peasants?
Why was begar a concern for the peasants?
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What was the economic issue that affected Indian peasants in the late 1920s?
What was the economic issue that affected Indian peasants in the late 1920s?
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What was the purpose of the Statutory Commission set up by the British government in 1928?
What was the purpose of the Statutory Commission set up by the British government in 1928?
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Why was the Simon Commission rejected by the Indian people?
Why was the Simon Commission rejected by the Indian people?
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What was the response of the Indian people to the arrival of the Simon Commission in 1928?
What was the response of the Indian people to the arrival of the Simon Commission in 1928?
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What was the offer made by the viceroy, Lord Irwin, in 1929?
What was the offer made by the viceroy, Lord Irwin, in 1929?
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What was the significance of the Round Table Conference announced by Lord Irwin?
What was the significance of the Round Table Conference announced by Lord Irwin?
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What was the impact of the worldwide economic depression on Indian peasants?
What was the impact of the worldwide economic depression on Indian peasants?
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What was the year in which the Indian countryside was in turmoil due to the economic depression?
What was the year in which the Indian countryside was in turmoil due to the economic depression?
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What did the British Government do to the Indian people?
What did the British Government do to the Indian people?
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What was the demand that Mahatma Gandhi declared revealed the most oppressive face of British rule?
What was the demand that Mahatma Gandhi declared revealed the most oppressive face of British rule?
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What was Mahatma Gandhi's goal for India?
What was Mahatma Gandhi's goal for India?
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How many trusted volunteers accompanied Mahatma Gandhi on his famous salt march?
How many trusted volunteers accompanied Mahatma Gandhi on his famous salt march?
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What was the consequence of the British Government not meeting Mahatma Gandhi's demands?
What was the consequence of the British Government not meeting Mahatma Gandhi's demands?
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What did Mahatma Gandhi find in salt that could unite the nation?
What did Mahatma Gandhi find in salt that could unite the nation?
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What was the date by which Mahatma Gandhi's demands had to be fulfilled?
What was the date by which Mahatma Gandhi's demands had to be fulfilled?
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To whom did Mahatma Gandhi send a letter stating eleven demands?
To whom did Mahatma Gandhi send a letter stating eleven demands?
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Where did Gandhiji go in December 1931?
Where did Gandhiji go in December 1931?
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What was the outcome of Gandhiji's conference in London?
What was the outcome of Gandhiji's conference in London?
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Who were among the leaders of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Army (HSRA)?
Who were among the leaders of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Army (HSRA)?
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What was the outcome of the Civil Disobedience Movement by 1934?
What was the outcome of the Civil Disobedience Movement by 1934?
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What was the target of the HSRA's actions in different parts of India?
What was the target of the HSRA's actions in different parts of India?
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What did Bhagat Singh and Batukeswar Dutta do in 1929?
What did Bhagat Singh and Batukeswar Dutta do in 1929?
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What was attempted in the same year as the bombing of the Legislative Assembly?
What was attempted in the same year as the bombing of the Legislative Assembly?
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What was done to prevent meetings, demonstrations and boycotts?
What was done to prevent meetings, demonstrations and boycotts?
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What was the main reason behind Gandhi's support for the Khilafat movement?
What was the main reason behind Gandhi's support for the Khilafat movement?
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What was the Khilafat Committee formed in Bombay in March 1919 primarily concerned with?
What was the Khilafat Committee formed in Bombay in March 1919 primarily concerned with?
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What was the outcome of the First World War with respect to Ottoman Turkey?
What was the outcome of the First World War with respect to Ottoman Turkey?
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What was Gandhi's perspective on British rule in India, as stated in his book Hind Swaraj?
What was Gandhi's perspective on British rule in India, as stated in his book Hind Swaraj?
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What was the proposed solution to end British rule in India, according to Gandhi's Hind Swaraj?
What was the proposed solution to end British rule in India, according to Gandhi's Hind Swaraj?
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What was the outcome of Gandhi's efforts at the Calcutta session of the Congress in September 1920?
What was the outcome of Gandhi's efforts at the Calcutta session of the Congress in September 1920?
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Who were the leaders who began discussing the Khilafat issue with Gandhi?
Who were the leaders who began discussing the Khilafat issue with Gandhi?
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What was Gandhi's prediction if Indians refused to cooperate with the British?
What was Gandhi's prediction if Indians refused to cooperate with the British?
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Study Notes
The Khilafat Movement
- The Khilafat Committee was formed in Bombay in March 1919 to defend the Khalifa's temporal powers.
- Mahatma Gandhi saw the Khilafat issue as an opportunity to bring Muslims under the umbrella of a unified national movement.
Non-Cooperation Movement
- Mahatma Gandhi declared that British rule in India would collapse within a year if Indians refused to cooperate.
- The Non-Cooperation Movement drew in the struggles of peasants and tribals from different parts of India.
- The movement demanded reduction of revenue, abolition of begar, and social boycott of oppressive landlords.
Peasant Movement in Awadh
- Peasants in Awadh were led by Baba Ramchandra, a sanyasi who had been an indentured labourer in Fiji.
- The movement demanded reduction of revenue, abolition of begar, and social boycott of oppressive landlords.
- Nai-dhobi bandhs were organized by panchayats to deprive landlords of the services of even barbers and washermen.
Development of Peasant Movement
- By October 1920, the Oudh Kisan Sabha was set up, headed by Jawaharlal Nehru, Baba Ramchandra, and a few others.
- Within a month, over 300 branches had been set up in the villages around the region.
Worldwide Economic Depression
- Agricultural prices began to fall from 1926 and collapsed after 1930, making it difficult for peasants to sell their harvests and pay their revenue.
- The countryside was in turmoil by 1930.
Simon Commission
- The Simon Commission was set up by the British government in response to the nationalist movement.
- The commission did not have a single Indian member, which led to widespread protests and demonstrations.
Salt March and Civil Disobedience Movement
- Mahatma Gandhi found in salt a powerful symbol that could unite the nation.
- He sent a letter to Viceroy Irwin on January 31, 1930, stating eleven demands, including the abolition of the salt tax.
- The Salt March began on March 12, 1930, accompanied by 78 of Gandhi's trusted volunteers.
Consequences of the Movement
- The government responded with repression, jailing Ghaffar Khan and Jawaharlal Nehru and declaring the Congress illegal.
- The movement continued for over a year but lost momentum by 1934.
Hindustan Socialist Republican Army (HSRA)
- The HSRA was founded in 1928 by Bhagat Singh, Jatin Das, and Ajoy Ghosh, among others.
- The HSRA targeted symbols of British power through a series of dramatic actions across India.
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Description
This quiz is about the role of the Khilafat issue in bringing Hindus and Muslims together during the Indian independence movement.