Indian Independence Movement: Khilafat Issue

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Questions and Answers

What was the primary demand of the peasant movement in Awadh?

Social boycott of oppressive landlords only

Abolition of begar and reduction of revenue (correct)

Complete abolishment of landlords

Security of tenure for tenants only

Who led the peasant movement in Awadh?

Jawaharlal Nehru

A local talukdar

Gandhiji

Baba Ramchandra (correct)

What was the consequence of not paying rent to landlords?

Regular eviction (correct)

Reduction of begar

Security of tenure

Increase in revenue

What was the outcome of the Oudh Kisan Sabha being set up?

Over 300 branches were set up Signup and view all the answers

What was the role of Jawaharlal Nehru in the peasant movement?

He was a Congress leader trying to understand the grievances of the villagers Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the peasant movement spreading in 1921?

The houses of talukdars and merchants were attacked Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the nai-dhobi bandh?

It was a social boycott of oppressive landlords Signup and view all the answers

Why was begar a concern for the peasants?

It was labour that villagers were forced to contribute without any payment Signup and view all the answers

What was the economic issue that affected Indian peasants in the late 1920s?

Fall in agricultural prices Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Statutory Commission set up by the British government in 1928?

To look into the functioning of the constitutional system in India Signup and view all the answers

Why was the Simon Commission rejected by the Indian people?

Because it had no Indian members Signup and view all the answers

What was the response of the Indian people to the arrival of the Simon Commission in 1928?

They demonstrated against the commission with the slogan 'Go back Simon' Signup and view all the answers

What was the offer made by the viceroy, Lord Irwin, in 1929?

Dominion status for India in the future Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Round Table Conference announced by Lord Irwin?

It was a conference to discuss a new constitution for India Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the worldwide economic depression on Indian peasants?

They had difficulty selling their harvests and paying revenue Signup and view all the answers

What was the year in which the Indian countryside was in turmoil due to the economic depression?

1930 Signup and view all the answers

What did the British Government do to the Indian people?

Deprived them of their freedom Signup and view all the answers

What was the demand that Mahatma Gandhi declared revealed the most oppressive face of British rule?

Abolition of the salt tax Signup and view all the answers

What was Mahatma Gandhi's goal for India?

To attain Purna Swaraj or Complete Independence Signup and view all the answers

How many trusted volunteers accompanied Mahatma Gandhi on his famous salt march?

78 Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the British Government not meeting Mahatma Gandhi's demands?

The Congress would launch a civil disobedience campaign Signup and view all the answers

What did Mahatma Gandhi find in salt that could unite the nation?

A powerful symbol Signup and view all the answers

What was the date by which Mahatma Gandhi's demands had to be fulfilled?

11 March Signup and view all the answers

To whom did Mahatma Gandhi send a letter stating eleven demands?

Viceroy Irwin Signup and view all the answers

Where did Gandhiji go in December 1931?

London Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of Gandhiji's conference in London?

It broke down Signup and view all the answers

Who were among the leaders of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Army (HSRA)?

Bhagat Singh, Jatin Das and Ajoy Ghosh Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Civil Disobedience Movement by 1934?

It lost momentum Signup and view all the answers

What was the target of the HSRA's actions in different parts of India?

Symbols of British power Signup and view all the answers

What did Bhagat Singh and Batukeswar Dutta do in 1929?

They threw a bomb in the Legislative Assembly Signup and view all the answers

What was attempted in the same year as the bombing of the Legislative Assembly?

Blowing up the train that Lord Irwin was travelling in Signup and view all the answers

What was done to prevent meetings, demonstrations and boycotts?

A series of measures were imposed Signup and view all the answers

What was the main reason behind Gandhi's support for the Khilafat movement?

To promote Hindu-Muslim unity Signup and view all the answers

What was the Khilafat Committee formed in Bombay in March 1919 primarily concerned with?

Defending the Khalifa's temporal powers Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the First World War with respect to Ottoman Turkey?

Ottoman Turkey was defeated Signup and view all the answers

What was Gandhi's perspective on British rule in India, as stated in his book Hind Swaraj?

British rule was established with the cooperation of Indians Signup and view all the answers

What was the proposed solution to end British rule in India, according to Gandhi's Hind Swaraj?

Refuse to cooperate with the British Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of Gandhi's efforts at the Calcutta session of the Congress in September 1920?

The non-cooperation movement was accepted Signup and view all the answers

Who were the leaders who began discussing the Khilafat issue with Gandhi?

Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali Signup and view all the answers

What was Gandhi's prediction if Indians refused to cooperate with the British?

British rule would collapse within a year Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The Khilafat Movement

The Khilafat Committee was formed in Bombay in March 1919 to defend the Khalifa's temporal powers.
Mahatma Gandhi saw the Khilafat issue as an opportunity to bring Muslims under the umbrella of a unified national movement.

Non-Cooperation Movement

Mahatma Gandhi declared that British rule in India would collapse within a year if Indians refused to cooperate.
The Non-Cooperation Movement drew in the struggles of peasants and tribals from different parts of India.
The movement demanded reduction of revenue, abolition of begar, and social boycott of oppressive landlords.

Peasant Movement in Awadh

Peasants in Awadh were led by Baba Ramchandra, a sanyasi who had been an indentured labourer in Fiji.
The movement demanded reduction of revenue, abolition of begar, and social boycott of oppressive landlords.
Nai-dhobi bandhs were organized by panchayats to deprive landlords of the services of even barbers and washermen.

Development of Peasant Movement

By October 1920, the Oudh Kisan Sabha was set up, headed by Jawaharlal Nehru, Baba Ramchandra, and a few others.
Within a month, over 300 branches had been set up in the villages around the region.

Worldwide Economic Depression

Agricultural prices began to fall from 1926 and collapsed after 1930, making it difficult for peasants to sell their harvests and pay their revenue.
The countryside was in turmoil by 1930.

Simon Commission

The Simon Commission was set up by the British government in response to the nationalist movement.
The commission did not have a single Indian member, which led to widespread protests and demonstrations.

Salt March and Civil Disobedience Movement

Mahatma Gandhi found in salt a powerful symbol that could unite the nation.
He sent a letter to Viceroy Irwin on January 31, 1930, stating eleven demands, including the abolition of the salt tax.
The Salt March began on March 12, 1930, accompanied by 78 of Gandhi's trusted volunteers.

Consequences of the Movement

The government responded with repression, jailing Ghaffar Khan and Jawaharlal Nehru and declaring the Congress illegal.
The movement continued for over a year but lost momentum by 1934.

Hindustan Socialist Republican Army (HSRA)

The HSRA was founded in 1928 by Bhagat Singh, Jatin Das, and Ajoy Ghosh, among others.
The HSRA targeted symbols of British power through a series of dramatic actions across India.

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This quiz is about the role of the Khilafat issue in bringing Hindus and Muslims together during the Indian independence movement.