Indian History: WWI & Satyagraha Movement

<p>Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It relied on the cooperation of Indians to survive (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The martial law imposed on the area (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The September 1920 Calcutta Congress session (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>That violence might ensue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The livelihoods of the hill people were adversely affected. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Militant guerrilla warfare (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gandhiji’s Non-Cooperation movement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Violence was escalating within the movement. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They sought the right to leave the plantation whenever they wished. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Chauri Chaura incident (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He could heal people and predict astrological events. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Implementation of forced unpaid labor. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To demand the abolition of the salt tax (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The formalization of the demand for 'Purna Swaraj' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patidars of Gujarat and Jats of Uttar Pradesh (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Manufacturing salt in Dandi (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It set a deadline for the fulfillment of demands (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gandhi agreeing to participate in the Round Table Conference (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Poor peasants led by Socialists and Communists (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He emphasized the need for adequate training before struggles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1927 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dalits (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reserved seats in educational institutions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1930 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reserved seats for Dalits in legislative councils (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>M.R. Jayakar (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intensified alienation and deterioration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He was ready to abandon the request if certain conditions were met (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Surge in prices and hardships (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Non-violence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Authorized detention without trial (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1915 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rallies and non-violent civil disobedience (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kheda satyagraha supporting peasant struggles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heightened awareness of the need for self-governance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Influenza epidemic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To achieve independence through nonviolent means (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Expansion of production due to boycotting foreign goods (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Baba Ramchandra (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Establishment of feudal rights (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Departure of students and teachers from government institutions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oudh Kisan Sabha (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Creating social boycotts of landlords' essential services (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High prices of Khadi clothing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A non-violent movement aiming to achieve justice through truth and moral pressure.

A law passed in 1919 that gave the British government in India broad powers to suppress political dissent.

The First World War had a significant impact on India's economic and political landscape. It led to increased taxes, inflation, food shortages, and forced recruitment.

Indians felt their involvement in the war was unwarranted, fostering a sense of unity against British rule.

Gandhiji's Satyagraha movement in Champaran, Bihar, inspired peasants to resist the oppressive plantation system.

The Rowlatt Act faced opposition from Indians who launched non-violent civil disobedience and organized large protests.

Gandhi used Satyagraha to advocate for the rights of Indians in South Africa. He led a march against racist laws, showcasing the power of non-violent resistance.

Gandhi believed that non-violence was a powerful tool to unite all Indians and achieve independence.

A protest tactic where workers refuse to work, aiming to disrupt operations and put pressure on employers.

A form of public protest where businesses close their doors, often in response to a law or event considered unjust.

A tragic incident where British forces fired on unarmed civilians gathered in a park, resulting in a large number of deaths.

The declaration of military rule in a region, often in response to unrest, limiting civil liberties and granting extensive authority to the military.

A movement that sought to protect the Ottoman Caliphate after its defeat in World War I, uniting Muslims globally behind the temporal authority of the Caliph.

The theory that British rule in India survived due to the cooperation of Indians, and if this cooperation was withdrawn, British rule would collapse.

A strategy for the Non-Cooperation Movement, involving stages of gradual escalation: 1. Surrender of government titles, 2. Boycott of civil services, 3. Boycott of foreign goods, 4. Full civil disobedience.

A period of widespread mobilization in 1920, where Mahatma Gandhi and Shaukat Ali sought to rally popular support for the Khilafat Movement.

The Non-Cooperation Movement, launched in January 1921, saw widespread participation from diverse social groups, each driven by their own specific aspirations. While all aimed for Swaraj (self-rule), the concept held different meanings for different groups.

In urban areas, the middle class spearheaded the Non-Cooperation Movement. This led to a mass exodus of teachers, students, and lawyers from government-controlled institutions. They boycotted British goods, particularly foreign textiles, leading to a boost in Indian textile production.

The Non-Cooperation Movement faced challenges, such as the high cost of khadi (homespun) cloth and a limited number of Indian institutions for education. Consequently, many people returned to their previous occupations.

Baba Ramchandra, a sanyasi, led the Awadh peasants in a movement against oppressive landlords (talukdars). Peasants faced exorbitant rents, forced labor, lack of land security, and frequent evictions.

In response to their grievances, the Awadh peasants demanded reductions in revenue, the abolition of forced labor, and social boycotts against oppressive landlords. Panchayats also organized boycotts of essential services like barbers and water carriers.

The Oudh Kisan Sabha, led by figures like Jawaharlal Nehru and Baba Ramchandra, was established to advocate for peasant rights. The movement witnessed violent incidents, including attacks on landlords' homes, looting of markets, and seizures of grain.

The Non-Cooperation Movement, while successful in mobilizing diverse groups across the country, also faced challenges. The movement's success varied across regions and groups, influenced by factors such as leadership, local conditions, and the nature of grievances.

The Non-Cooperation Movement, with its focus on non-violent resistance and mass mobilization, played a significant role in shaping the Indian independence struggle. It helped unify Indians across regions and social groups, demanding an end to British rule and inspiring future movements for social justice.

Mahatma Gandhi's letter to Viceroy Irwin listing 11 demands for India's independence, including the abolition of the salt tax, with a deadline of March 11, 1930.

A historic march led by Mahatma Gandhi from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi, where he broke the salt law, marking the beginning of the Civil Disobedience Movement.

A nationwide movement launched in 1930 by the Indian National Congress, led by Mahatma Gandhi, to challenge British rule through nonviolent civil disobedience.

An agreement reached in 1931 between Mahatma Gandhi and Viceroy Irwin, halting the Civil Disobedience Movement temporarily, with Gandhiji agreeing to participate in the Round Table Conference.

A group of volunteers accompanying Mahatma Gandhi on the Salt March, increasing in numbers as they marched. They played a crucial role in the movement by defying the salt law and inspiring others.

A group from Gujarat and Uttar Pradesh who actively supported the Civil Disobedience Movement and were displeased when the movement was temporarily ended. They were among the most fervent supporters of the cause.

The poorest sections of Indian society, led by Socialists and Communists, who participated in the Civil Disobedience Movement by engaging in radical actions.

The moment when Mahatma Gandhi, at the head of his followers, reached Dandi and made salt, defying the British salt law, marking the start of the Civil Disobedience Movement.

The closing of forest areas by the British government in India restricted tribal communities from collecting resources and practicing their traditional livelihoods, sparking resentment and resistance.

Alluri Sitaram Raju, a tribal leader, initiated a militant guerrilla movement in the Gudem hills of Andhra Pradesh. He led a rebellion against British policies, which negatively impacted tribal communities. He promoted khadi, a homemade cloth, and promoted abstinence from alcohol, drawing inspiration from Gandhi's Non-Cooperation Movement.

For plantation workers in Assam, freedom meant the right to move freely. However, attempts to leave the plantations were met with brutal force by the British police. This demonstrated the desire for freedom and the heavy hand of colonial rule.

The Chauri Chaura incident, a violent clash between protesters and police, resulted in the deaths of civilians and police officers. Gandhiji, believing Satyagraha required proper training before mass struggles, decided to withdraw the Non-Cooperation Movement.

The Non-Cooperation Movement was withdrawn by Gandhiji due to escalating violence in different parts of the country. He believed that individuals participating in Satyagraha needed proper training before taking part in mass struggles.

The Non-Cooperation Movement, a non-violent resistance initiated by Gandhiji, aimed to achieve Indian independence from British rule through mass non-cooperation. This movement encompassed various forms of non-cooperation, such as refusing to attend government schools, boycotting British goods and participating in peaceful protests.

The impact of the First World War on India was tremendous, leading to increased taxes, inflation, and food shortages. Additionally, India's involvement in the war fostered a sense of unity against British rule, strengthening the nationalist movement.

The Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industries and the Industrial and Commercial Congress resisted British economic control and supported the Civil Disobedience Movement.

Railway and dockworkers went on strike in 1930 and 1932, showing a united effort against British rule.

Women's participation in national movements, particularly the Civil Disobedience Movement, gave them a public voice and broke societal norms.

Dalits, or untouchables, felt excluded from the concept of Swaraj (self-rule) and wanted separate political representation and rights.

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, representing Dalit interests, clashed with Mahatma Gandhi at the Round Table Conference, advocating for separate Dalit electorates.

The Poona Pact in 1932 granted reserved seats for Scheduled Castes in legislative councils, acknowledging their need for representation.

Following the decline of the Non-Cooperation-Khilafat Movement, Hindu-Muslim relations worsened, leading to a growing sense of Muslim alienation from Congress.

Muhammad Ali Jinnah, though initially supporting shared representation, became increasingly concerned about Muslim interests and the political landscape.