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Questions and Answers
What is the term for a Buddhist shrine?
What is the term for a Buddhist shrine?
What is the name of the philosophical school that is atheistic and materialistic?
What is the name of the philosophical school that is atheistic and materialistic?
What was the term for land given to Brahmanas, generally by kings?
What was the term for land given to Brahmanas, generally by kings?
What was the term for a type of megalithic burial, marked by a stone circle?
What was the term for a type of megalithic burial, marked by a stone circle?
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What was the term for a tax on cattle?
What was the term for a tax on cattle?
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What is the term for a style of writing in which consecutive lines start in opposite directions?
What is the term for a style of writing in which consecutive lines start in opposite directions?
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What was the term used by the tribals to identify outsiders?
What was the term used by the tribals to identify outsiders?
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What is the term used in Buddhist tradition for liberation from the cycle of birth and death?
What is the term used in Buddhist tradition for liberation from the cycle of birth and death?
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What was the purpose of the 'Dastak' issued by the local councils of the East India Company?
What was the purpose of the 'Dastak' issued by the local councils of the East India Company?
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What is the meaning of the Pali word 'Dhamma'?
What is the meaning of the Pali word 'Dhamma'?
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What is the name of the philosophical school that views the world as consisting of two fundamental categories of purusha and prakriti?
What is the name of the philosophical school that views the world as consisting of two fundamental categories of purusha and prakriti?
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What is the term used for the ancient script known from the 6th century CE, also known as Kutila?
What is the term used for the ancient script known from the 6th century CE, also known as Kutila?
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What was the name of the new cadre of officials created by Ashoka to propagate 'Dhamma'?
What was the name of the new cadre of officials created by Ashoka to propagate 'Dhamma'?
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What is the term for the 'twice born' in the Indian social system?
What is the term for the 'twice born' in the Indian social system?
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What is the term used for the stage of complete renunciation in the ashrama scheme?
What is the term used for the stage of complete renunciation in the ashrama scheme?
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What was the name of the system of branding of horses and animals in ancient India?
What was the name of the system of branding of horses and animals in ancient India?
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What is the term used for the corporate assembly of a non-brahmadeya village in South India?
What is the term used for the corporate assembly of a non-brahmadeya village in South India?
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What is the term used for the Buddhist canonical texts?
What is the term used for the Buddhist canonical texts?
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What is the term used for the hereditary land rights in medieval India?
What is the term used for the hereditary land rights in medieval India?
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What is the term used for the Jaina saint?
What is the term used for the Jaina saint?
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What is the term used for the concept of four hereditary classes in medieval India?
What is the term used for the concept of four hereditary classes in medieval India?
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What is the term used for the ancient Tamil script?
What is the term used for the ancient Tamil script?
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What is the term used for the Buddhist monastery?
What is the term used for the Buddhist monastery?
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Study Notes
Administrative Terms
- Nagarakkani: land owned and managed by the nagaram
- Pargana: an administrative unit or units of a paragana
- Qanungos: caretaker of revenue records
- Sarkar: administrative unit or units of paragana
- Shiqdar: head of an administrative unit
- Swaraj Ziladish: independent district magistrate
- Zillah: administrative district
Art and Architecture
- Dravida style: a style of temple architecture
- Nagara style: the northern style of temple architecture, marked by a curvilinear shikara (tower)
- Vesara: a style of temple architecture which has a blend of elements associated with the Nagara and Dravida styles
- Vimana: the sanctum of a temple and its superstructure
Buddhist Terms
- Bodhisattva: a future Buddha
- Dhamma: a Pali word (Sanskrit, dharma), referring to the ideal conduct of an individual living in society
- Dhamma Chakka-pavattana: Pali, literally 'turning the wheel of dhamma'; the Buddha's first sermon in the deer park near Benaras
- Nibbana: a term used often in the Buddhist tradition for liberation from the cycle of birth and death
- Parinibbana: the passing away of the Buddha
- Sangha: a word with many different meanings including oligarchy, the Buddhist monastic order, and the Jaina monastic order
- Tipitaka: Pali, literally 'the three baskets' or 'three collections', Buddhist canonical texts; the Pali Tipitaka is the canon of the Theravada school
- Upasaka: a male lay follower of the Buddha's teaching
- Vihara: a Buddhist monastery
Economy and Trade
- Baqqal: trader, grain-dealer
- Banjar: waste and fallow land
- Batai: division of crop between the cultivator and landlord or the government, payments may be in kind or cash
- Dadani: merchants who procured goods by paying advances to primary producers
- Dakshinapatha: the great southern trade route
- Nankar: revenue-free land
- Paibaqi: land reserved for allotment in jagir
- Podu: a tribal term for shifting cultivation prevalent in the Andhra region
- Stri-dhana: women's wealth; various types of movable property given to a woman on various occasions during her lifetime, passed on from mother to daughter
- Tankah jagir: hereditary possessions of the Rajput chiefs under the Mughals
Jaina Terms
- Jaina: a Jaina sect
- Nischaya: Jaina concept of absolute omniscience
- Niyama: Jaina concept of control over senses
- Parsva: the 23rd Jaina Tirthankara
- Pratima: Jaina concept of self-control
- Samkhya: a philosophical school which views the world as consisting of two fundamental categories of purusha (the spiritual principle) and prakriti (matter or nature)
- Syadavada: literally 'doctrine of maybe'; the Jaina doctrine of the partial nature of all statements about reality
- Tirthankara: literally, 'ford builder'; a Jaina saint
- Triratna: literally, 'the three gems'; in Jainism, refers to the triple path of right faith, knowledge, and conduct
Land and Agriculture
- Brahmadeya: land gifted to Brahmanas, generally by kings
- Charai: a tax on cattle
- Dagh system: a system of branding of horses and animals
- Nandela: a type of land tenure
- Pahikasht(s): vagrant peasants
- Patadar(s): landowners
- Patil: village headmen
- Polai: land continuously in cultivation
- Saranjam: transferable land rights
- Vellanvagai: non-brahmadeya villages of early medieval South India; same as ur
- Vesantra: a type of land tenure
- Watandar: Desais and Deskmukh
Philosophy and Religion
- Ahimsa: non-violence
- Arya: noble, referring to the ideal of the four varnas
- Ashrama: a stage of life in the Hindu ashrama system
- Atman: the self or soul
- Brahman: the ultimate reality
- Chakri: office job
- Karma: actions and their consequences
- Moksha: liberation from the cycle of birth and death
- Nyaya: a philosophical school concerned primarily with logic and epistemology
- Paramitas: perfections whose attainment led to the Bodhisattva path; a Mahayana idea
- Pramanas: grounds of knowledge
- Pravara: the names of one, two, three, or five supposed ancestral rishis, connected with the gotra system of the Brahmanas
- Samhita: a collection of hymns, associated with the Vedas
- Samskaras: literally 'preparation', 'arrangement'; rituals marking important life stages
- Shruti: literally 'that which has been heard', the Veda
- Smriti: literally 'texts'; a category of Sanskrit texts that includes the Vedangas, Puranas, Epics, Dharmashastras, and Nitishastra
- Upanishads: philosophical texts that are part of the Vedic corpus
- Varna: literally 'colour'; the concept of four hereditary classes — Brahmana, Kshatriya, Vaishya, and Shudra
- Varna-samkara: the mixture of varnas due to inter-varna unions
- Yajamana: the person for whom the yajna (sacrifice) is performed and who bears its expenses
Politics and Society
- Amatya: high-ranking officials of the Mauryan Empire
- Aryavarta: the land of the Aryas
- Jati: sub-caste
- Kula: family
- Mandala: circle of kings
- Nattar: the leading men of the nadu (locality) in early medieval South India
- Nayanmar: Shaiva saints
- Nadukal: stones set up to commemorate the death of a hero
- Sabha: assembly of Brahmins in the Chola period
- Sahukar: moneylender
- Samanta: subordinate ruler; feudatory
- Sapinda: descendants of the same ancestor
- Sreni: guild
- Thanjavur: a city in Tamil Nadu, known for its temple architecture
- Velir: chieftains of South India
- Vellala/Vellalar: cultivating groups of South India
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Description
Test your knowledge of various terms and concepts related to Indian history, including titles and positions in the Mysore state, trade routes, and social classifications.
