Podcast
Questions and Answers
Who is credited as the 'father of ICS' in India?
Who is credited as the 'father of ICS' in India?
What was the primary reason for the closure of Fort William college in Calcutta?
What was the primary reason for the closure of Fort William college in Calcutta?
Before the introduction of open competition in 1853, how were ICS officers appointed?
Before the introduction of open competition in 1853, how were ICS officers appointed?
What was the primary focus of the reforms introduced by Cornwallis in the ICS?
What was the primary focus of the reforms introduced by Cornwallis in the ICS?
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Where was the East India college established?
Where was the East India college established?
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What was the significance of the Charter Act of 1853 in the context of ICS?
What was the significance of the Charter Act of 1853 in the context of ICS?
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What was established in 1870 as a result of the Lee commission?
What was established in 1870 as a result of the Lee commission?
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What was introduced by Charles Napier in the police system?
What was introduced by Charles Napier in the police system?
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What was the judicial structure like before 1757?
What was the judicial structure like before 1757?
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What was the result of the Regulating Act of 1773?
What was the result of the Regulating Act of 1773?
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Who continued with the existing police system?
Who continued with the existing police system?
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What was the characteristic of the Sadar Diwani Adalat?
What was the characteristic of the Sadar Diwani Adalat?
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Study Notes
Indian Civil Services (ICS)
- Lord Cornwallis is considered the father of ICS and civil services in India
- Reforms introduced by Cornwallis:
- Increased salary of officers
- ICS officers were not allowed to accept gifts or bribes
- Ban on private trade
- Timely promotion and seniority
Appointment and Training of ICS Officers
- Initially, appointment was based on nomination, without merit or open competition
- Court of Directors nominated men to be inducted into the ICS, often relatives
- Open competition introduced in 1853 through the Charter Act
- Training of ICS officers was introduced by Lord Wellesley in 1806 at Fort William College, Calcutta
- However, the Court of Directors opposed this and closed the college, replacing it with the East India College in Haileybury, London
ICS Commissions
- Aitchison Commission
- Islington Commission
- Lee Commission
- 1870: Statutory civil service was established, allowing Indians to be nominated to a few positions reserved for European covenanted civil servants
Government of India Act 1919
- Provided separate recruitment exams for ICS to be held in India
Police System
- Clive and Hastings did not bring changes to the police system, continuing with the existing model
- Cornwallis introduced changes, dividing police jurisdiction into Civil and Criminal
- Charles Napier borrowed the Irish Constabulary model, introducing a paramilitary nature with armed and unarmed police
Judicial Structure
- Pre-1757: No consistency, Biased Civil and Criminal courts in Rural and Urban areas, with Zamindar/ headman, Qazi/ Pandit, Faujdar, and Kotwal
- Post-1757:
- Hastings introduced a new model, the Hastings model of Justice
- Sadar Diwani Adalat, with Diwani Adalat under it, presided by District Collector, Qazi, or Pandit
- Sadar Nizamat Adalat, under which Nizamat Adalat functioned, presided by a District Magistrate, Kazi, or Pandit
- Regulating Act of 1773 renamed the Supreme Court (different from today's Supreme Court)
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Description
Test your knowledge about the history of Indian Civil Services, including its establishment, reforms introduced by Lord Cornwallis, and the process of appointment and training of ICS officers. Learn about the key changes that shaped the civil services in India.
