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According to Beissinger, what is the most important dimension in understanding any situation?
According to Beissinger, what is the most important dimension in understanding any situation?
Perception
According to Lieven, the concept of empire was generally considered negative in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
According to Lieven, the concept of empire was generally considered negative in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
False
What event in the late 18th century led to a new political understanding of the nation, according to Kellas?
What event in the late 18th century led to a new political understanding of the nation, according to Kellas?
The French Revolution
What was the primary difference between traditional revolutionaries and orthodox French revolutionaries in their definition of the nation, according to Carr?
What was the primary difference between traditional revolutionaries and orthodox French revolutionaries in their definition of the nation, according to Carr?
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According to the French National Assembly decree of April 20, 1792, who could become citizens of France?
According to the French National Assembly decree of April 20, 1792, who could become citizens of France?
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The Freedmen were granted full citizenship in the Cherokee Nation following the Treaty of 1866.
The Freedmen were granted full citizenship in the Cherokee Nation following the Treaty of 1866.
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In Hitler's view, what was the fundamental characteristic of American civilization?
In Hitler's view, what was the fundamental characteristic of American civilization?
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What was the central problem for Meiji-period intellectuals and politicians in Japan?
What was the central problem for Meiji-period intellectuals and politicians in Japan?
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According to Owen and Rosencrance, what did the Napoleonic Empire represent in relation to its impact on other societies?
According to Owen and Rosencrance, what did the Napoleonic Empire represent in relation to its impact on other societies?
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According to Professor Rivera, the Orthodox Church was inferior to the churches of the West due to its embrace of rationality and legalism.
According to Professor Rivera, the Orthodox Church was inferior to the churches of the West due to its embrace of rationality and legalism.
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According to Snegovaya and McGlynn, Russia's foreign policy aims to promote a system of international relations based on liberal values.
According to Snegovaya and McGlynn, Russia's foreign policy aims to promote a system of international relations based on liberal values.
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What is a central challenge to the traditional view of nationalism, according to Kellas?
What is a central challenge to the traditional view of nationalism, according to Kellas?
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What did Britain achieve by the end of the 19th century in terms of empire and international trade?
What did Britain achieve by the end of the 19th century in terms of empire and international trade?
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German governments during the late 19th century were primarily accountable to the Kaiser, not the people.
German governments during the late 19th century were primarily accountable to the Kaiser, not the people.
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What major economic event in the late 19th century contributed to increased imperial ambitions among European states?
What major economic event in the late 19th century contributed to increased imperial ambitions among European states?
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According to Raymond Aron, a hegemonic war is characterized by which of the following? (Select all that apply)
According to Raymond Aron, a hegemonic war is characterized by which of the following? (Select all that apply)
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Austria's rejection of Serbia's conciliatory response to its ultimatum was a key decision in the July crisis.
Austria's rejection of Serbia's conciliatory response to its ultimatum was a key decision in the July crisis.
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What was the "cult of the offensive" and what were its negative consequences?
What was the "cult of the offensive" and what were its negative consequences?
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According to Thucydides, what was the primary underlying cause of the Peloponnesian War?
According to Thucydides, what was the primary underlying cause of the Peloponnesian War?
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The American Revolution marked the first significant antislavery movement in the Atlantic world.
The American Revolution marked the first significant antislavery movement in the Atlantic world.
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According to Tuchman, why is the 1619 Project a flawed interpretation of American history?
According to Tuchman, why is the 1619 Project a flawed interpretation of American history?
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What was Moltke's view on the Anglo-Russian talks during the lead-up to World War I?
What was Moltke's view on the Anglo-Russian talks during the lead-up to World War I?
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What did Victor Hugo call for in his call to action for France?
What did Victor Hugo call for in his call to action for France?
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The new French Field Regulations of 1913 reaffirmed the French Army's commitment to a defensive strategy, emphasizing the importance of strategic restraint.
The new French Field Regulations of 1913 reaffirmed the French Army's commitment to a defensive strategy, emphasizing the importance of strategic restraint.
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Putin believes that the historical relationship between Serbian and Russian peoples is characterized by mutual mistrust and animosity.
Putin believes that the historical relationship between Serbian and Russian peoples is characterized by mutual mistrust and animosity.
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According to Thomas Ehrhard, what is the biggest concern about the potential for escalating conflicts in the 21st century?
According to Thomas Ehrhard, what is the biggest concern about the potential for escalating conflicts in the 21st century?
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What did Winston Churchill observe about the global mood in the lead-up to World War I?
What did Winston Churchill observe about the global mood in the lead-up to World War I?
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How did World War I transform the social and political landscape of Europe?
How did World War I transform the social and political landscape of Europe?
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What was the key argument advanced by Hobson in his critique of imperialism?
What was the key argument advanced by Hobson in his critique of imperialism?
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What did Lenin argue was the ultimate goal of capitalist societies?
What did Lenin argue was the ultimate goal of capitalist societies?
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According to Lenin, the outbreak of World War I was a direct consequence of the capitalist system.
According to Lenin, the outbreak of World War I was a direct consequence of the capitalist system.
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Lenin viewed the defeat of Tsarism as a necessary step towards the global socialist revolution.
Lenin viewed the defeat of Tsarism as a necessary step towards the global socialist revolution.
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What was the shared belief among the diverse groups of people who attended the meeting in December 1918?
What was the shared belief among the diverse groups of people who attended the meeting in December 1918?
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According to Francois Furet, how did Lenin's early political beliefs align with Mussolini's?
According to Francois Furet, how did Lenin's early political beliefs align with Mussolini's?
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Hitler, despite his socialist rhetoric, rejected capitalism and viewed it as a source of decline and weakness.
Hitler, despite his socialist rhetoric, rejected capitalism and viewed it as a source of decline and weakness.
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The councils in the Soviet Union consisted primarily of members of the working class.
The councils in the Soviet Union consisted primarily of members of the working class.
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According to Lenin, in the wake of World War I, capitalists were primarily responsible for the crimes and injustices of the war.
According to Lenin, in the wake of World War I, capitalists were primarily responsible for the crimes and injustices of the war.
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Fascist ideology is easily defined by a set of written principles and doctrines.
Fascist ideology is easily defined by a set of written principles and doctrines.
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Fascist ideologies embrace democratic principles as a key to successful social transformation.
Fascist ideologies embrace democratic principles as a key to successful social transformation.
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In Nazi Germany, internal enemies were identified as those who undermined the nation, including liberals, socialists, and Jews.
In Nazi Germany, internal enemies were identified as those who undermined the nation, including liberals, socialists, and Jews.
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The period from 1517 to 1648 is considered the Era of Religious Warfare, with religion playing a central role in international politics during that time.
The period from 1517 to 1648 is considered the Era of Religious Warfare, with religion playing a central role in international politics during that time.
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Study Notes
Nation-States and Multinational States/Inclusive Nationalism and Occidentalism
- The most important element in any political scenario is perception, whether policies are viewed as "ours" or "theirs." Empires are not static entities but rather a set of actions that shape perceptions and claims of representation.
- The late 19th and early 20th centuries saw empire as a positive concept for most Europeans, except those subject to imperial rule. This was due to the widening gap between strong and weak states, with weaker states facing marginalization or extinction.
- The Third Estate, inspired by the American Revolution, initiated a French revolution to assert its will over the clergy and nobility. They aimed to abolish feudalism and establish universal legal equality in 1789.
- The French Revolution's idea of the nation took on new meaning, linking nationalism with popular sovereignty. This meant the nation was no longer passive in governance and required for legitimate authority.
- The French nation was defined by citizenship, not ethnicity. This resulted from a social contract, and foreigners could become citizens by renouncing enemy status and dedicating their actions to defending liberty.
- The Freedmen of the Cherokee Nation were granted citizenship by the Treaty of 1866 but were later denied voting rights in tribal elections in 1983, following a legal challenge. The outcome set the stage for a larger political debate on the definitions of Cherokee identity.
- America's civilization is described as mechanized and superficial. Mechanisms are seen as crucial to American civilization's existence. Conversely, the Japanese are seen as "too foreign" because of their culture and lifestyle.
- The Japanese transformation into a modern nation-state was a complex process. They adopted various models, including those from Britain, the US, and Germany, to build their nation-state.
- German Romanticism, unlike other forms of Romanticism in Western Europe, was not just a literary and artistic movement. It contained intense political and social overtones.
- Napoleon's empire imposed liberal values upon other societies, albeit by force. This included equality before the law and meritocratic government structures.
- Nationalism never became a significant philosophical school of thought, yet had a massive effect on political conflicts.
European Imperialism
- Non-Anglican Christians and Jews experienced discrimination in the 1820s, with that discrimination diminishing in the following years.
- Britain dominated in trade and empire, controlling a sixth of the world's territory and a quarter of its population.
- German governments were accountable to the emperor, not to the people, and repressed Catholicism and socialism.
- The Panic of 1873, also known as the first Great Depression, caused financial contraction across industrialized nations for many years, leading to financial and economic instability.
- Several factors led states to seek access to resources through acquiring other territories due to fears of national survival.
The Origins of World War I
- The primary means of resolving political disequilibrium has been war, particularly hegemonic wars, in which the stakes involve the political units within a given system of interactions.
- The July Crisis, which involved a series of events leading up to WWI, shows a sequence of key decisions that led to the outbreak.
- Intense arms races, mobilization schedules, and preemptive war incentives limited the opportunities for crisis diplomacy.
- The reasons for the outbreak of WWI were varied and complex, stemming from a range of causes rather than a singular cause.
The Impact of World War I and the Socialist Paradigm
- WWI led to internal anxieties and strife around the world.
- The war transformed the nature of human experience and politics.
- There was increased questioning regarding government actions and policies that led to the war.
- WWI and the associated Russian Civil War fundamentally changed perspectives on human life, with many considering the value of human life to have diminished after the violence associated with the war.
Communism, Fascists, Nazis
- Communism and fascism were responses to and reactions against the social and political changes caused by the world wars. Fascism in particular is characterized by anti-democratic and ultranationalist ideology. Nazi ideology was an extreme form of nationalism, and they demonized various groups for political leverage.
- Fascism featured a rejection of democracy, an emphasis on national unity, and the glorification of war. Marxism, and socialisim as well, are identified as enemy ideologies in fascist ideologies and in Nazi philosophies.
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Description
Explore the concepts of nation-states and multinational states through the lens of inclusive nationalism and occidentalism. This quiz delves into historical perspectives, particularly during the French Revolution, and examines how perceptions shape political realities. Understand the interplay between empires, nationalism, and popular sovereignty as you test your knowledge.
