Podcast
Questions and Answers
When is the annual report for on-duty FF fatalities published?
When is the annual report for on-duty FF fatalities published?
- September/October edition of the NFPA journal
- July/August edition of the NFPA journal (correct)
- May/June edition of the NFPA journal
- November/December edition of the NFPA journal
What does NFPA 1500 define as an occupational injury?
What does NFPA 1500 define as an occupational injury?
- An injury sustained during training exercises
- An injury sustained during the duties, responsibilities, and functions of an FD member (correct)
- An injury sustained at home
- An injury sustained during off-duty activities
When was the first edition of NFPA 1500 adopted?
When was the first edition of NFPA 1500 adopted?
- 2010
- 1995
- 2000
- 1987 (correct)
What is the most important safety factor at the scene of a structure fire?
What is the most important safety factor at the scene of a structure fire?
What is the leading cause of on-duty FF fatalities at structure fires?
What is the leading cause of on-duty FF fatalities at structure fires?
At what rate are FF fatalities higher in manufacturing occupancies compared to residential occupancies?
At what rate are FF fatalities higher in manufacturing occupancies compared to residential occupancies?
When should low air alarms sound during a working structure fire?
When should low air alarms sound during a working structure fire?
What allows FFs to make a closer approach to the fire in modern PPE?
What allows FFs to make a closer approach to the fire in modern PPE?
What does the NFPA categorize vacant structures according to?
What does the NFPA categorize vacant structures according to?
In larger buildings, what significantly increases the risk to FFs?
In larger buildings, what significantly increases the risk to FFs?
How long does an air cylinder rated for 30 minutes usually provide air supply for under strenuous work conditions at a working structure fire?
How long does an air cylinder rated for 30 minutes usually provide air supply for under strenuous work conditions at a working structure fire?
What is the most important element of the incident safety program?
What is the most important element of the incident safety program?
What is the single most important ability the fire officer must acquire?
What is the single most important ability the fire officer must acquire?
What factors are important in determining the probability of a structure being occupied?
What factors are important in determining the probability of a structure being occupied?
What is flashover?
What is flashover?
When does unintentional venting occur?
When does unintentional venting occur?
What happens when wind blows toward a vent opening?
What happens when wind blows toward a vent opening?
What does the 20-minute rule state?
What does the 20-minute rule state?
What is the ultimate test of command?
What is the ultimate test of command?
What risk factor contributes to increased danger for firefighters in basements?
What risk factor contributes to increased danger for firefighters in basements?
What can cause a truss to lose its load bearing capacity?
What can cause a truss to lose its load bearing capacity?
What impact do solar panels have on roof ventilation?
What impact do solar panels have on roof ventilation?
What is the primary reason for using lightweight construction materials?
What is the primary reason for using lightweight construction materials?
What do fire reports and experiments confirm about fire dynamics?
What do fire reports and experiments confirm about fire dynamics?
What is the recommended approach for fire attack in a basement with walk-out doors available?
What is the recommended approach for fire attack in a basement with walk-out doors available?
What does a UL study indicate about standard measures to test a floor's stability?
What does a UL study indicate about standard measures to test a floor's stability?
What is considered when evaluating the collapse potential of a building?
What is considered when evaluating the collapse potential of a building?
What is the collapse zone?
What is the collapse zone?
What does coordinated venting aim to achieve?
What does coordinated venting aim to achieve?
Who is responsible for enforcing the requirement of wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) in the hot zone?
Who is responsible for enforcing the requirement of wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) in the hot zone?
What should a firefighter do upon discovering a shock hazard at the scene?
What should a firefighter do upon discovering a shock hazard at the scene?
In what area would PPE not be required and where the command post is located?
In what area would PPE not be required and where the command post is located?
What is the general rule for the fire perimeter distance to keep unauthorized people away from the scene?
What is the general rule for the fire perimeter distance to keep unauthorized people away from the scene?
What is the hot zone in a multistory building most likely to include?
What is the hot zone in a multistory building most likely to include?
When does structural stability become compromised during a fire in a building?
When does structural stability become compromised during a fire in a building?
In vent limited fires, what plays a larger role than heat in causing fatal injuries?
In vent limited fires, what plays a larger role than heat in causing fatal injuries?
What is the NFPA 1710 defined turnout time for EMS response?
What is the NFPA 1710 defined turnout time for EMS response?
What is the travel time defined in NFPA 1710 for full high rise alarm assignment?
What is the travel time defined in NFPA 1710 for full high rise alarm assignment?
What is the preburn time dependent on?
What is the preburn time dependent on?
When does the turnout time start according to NFPA 1710?
When does the turnout time start according to NFPA 1710?
What is the defined turnout time for fire or other special ops response according to NFPA 1710?
What is the defined turnout time for fire or other special ops response according to NFPA 1710?
What is the maximum travel time defined in NFPA 1710 for the 2nd company with a minimum of 4 personnel?
What is the maximum travel time defined in NFPA 1710 for the 2nd company with a minimum of 4 personnel?
What does the ISO formula 1.7 x distance + 0.65 represent?
What does the ISO formula 1.7 x distance + 0.65 represent?
According to NFPA 1710, what is the minimum number of firefighters required for a single family dwelling fire?
According to NFPA 1710, what is the minimum number of firefighters required for a single family dwelling fire?
What is the worst scenario from a firefighter safety viewpoint?
What is the worst scenario from a firefighter safety viewpoint?
What process must ordinary solid materials go through to release vapor fuel?
What process must ordinary solid materials go through to release vapor fuel?
What is the recommended signal for emergency evacuation?
What is the recommended signal for emergency evacuation?
Why can't the safety officer effectively be the accountability officer?
Why can't the safety officer effectively be the accountability officer?
What is the primary purpose of establishing an accountability system on the fire ground?
What is the primary purpose of establishing an accountability system on the fire ground?
What is the recommended crew size for RIC according to NFPA?
What is the recommended crew size for RIC according to NFPA?
What is the primary role of IRIC according to NFPA?
What is the primary role of IRIC according to NFPA?
What did studies conducted by Phoenix Fire determine about rescue of a downed firefighter?
What did studies conducted by Phoenix Fire determine about rescue of a downed firefighter?
When should the safety officer be separately staffed according to best practices?
When should the safety officer be separately staffed according to best practices?
What is the primary task of lobby control in high-rise fire operations?
What is the primary task of lobby control in high-rise fire operations?
What is the role of the second RIC in extended operations?
What is the role of the second RIC in extended operations?
What is the preferred means of egress/access?
What is the preferred means of egress/access?
What is an important task to be accomplished early on in a fire incident?
What is an important task to be accomplished early on in a fire incident?
What is the primary purpose of RIC training?
What is the primary purpose of RIC training?
What should a firefighter do upon discovering a potential need for assistance?
What should a firefighter do upon discovering a potential need for assistance?
What is an important aspect of safe interior operations in a structure fire?
What is an important aspect of safe interior operations in a structure fire?
Where should the RIC and equipment be located in high-rise operations?
Where should the RIC and equipment be located in high-rise operations?
What is the minimum Thermal Protective Performance (TPP) value for protective coats and trousers?
What is the minimum Thermal Protective Performance (TPP) value for protective coats and trousers?
How long does a TPP of 35 provide protection against second degree burns at near flashover temperatures?
How long does a TPP of 35 provide protection against second degree burns at near flashover temperatures?
What is the recommended prehydration guideline for firefighters?
What is the recommended prehydration guideline for firefighters?
What are the phases into which rehab can be divided?
What are the phases into which rehab can be divided?
What does informal rehab usually involve?
What does informal rehab usually involve?
When should rehab be provided according to NFPA 1584?
When should rehab be provided according to NFPA 1584?
What is recommended for cold weather conditions in rehab according to the text?
What is recommended for cold weather conditions in rehab according to the text?
What vitals must be checked before FFs are released from the rehab area?
What vitals must be checked before FFs are released from the rehab area?
Study Notes
NFPA 1500 and Reporting
- The annual report for on-duty FF fatalities is published annually.
- NFPA 1500 defines an occupational injury as an injury that occurs during the performance of duty.
History of NFPA 1500
- The first edition of NFPA 1500 was adopted in 1987.
Safety Factors
- The most important safety factor at the scene of a structure fire is situational awareness.
- The leading cause of on-duty FF fatalities at structure fires is stress/overexertion.
- FF fatalities are 2.5 times higher in manufacturing occupancies compared to residential occupancies.
Air Supply and PPE
- Low air alarms should sound during a working structure fire when the air supply reaches 33%.
- Modern PPE allows FFs to make a closer approach to the fire.
- An air cylinder rated for 30 minutes usually provides an air supply for 20-25 minutes under strenuous work conditions at a working structure fire.
Incident Safety Program
- The most important element of the incident safety program is the safety officer.
- The single most important ability the fire officer must acquire is decision-making.
Occupancy Factors
- The factors that determine the probability of a structure being occupied include time of day, season, and type of occupancy.
- The NFPA categorizes vacant structures as those with no occupancy for 30 days.
Structure Fires
- Flashover occurs when the heat from a fire causes all combustible materials in a room to ignite simultaneously.
- Unintentional venting occurs when windows break, and wind blows toward a vent opening.
- In larger buildings, the risk to FFs increases due to more complex layouts, longer response times, and higher hazard occupancy.
Trusses and Roof Ventilation
- A truss can lose its load-bearing capacity due to damage, decay, or burning.
- Solar panels on roofs hinder ventilation and can cause FFs to trip or fall.
Fire Dynamics
- Fire reports and experiments confirm that fire dynamics are complex and unpredictable.
Basement Fires
- The recommended approach for fire attack in a basement with walk-out doors available is to use the walk-out doors for access.
UL Study
- A UL study indicates that standard measures are not sufficient to test a floor's stability.
Building Evaluation
- The collapse potential of a building is considered based on factors like construction type, age, and damage.
Coordinated Venting
- Coordinated venting aims to create a clear escape route for occupants and FFs.
PPE and Hot Zone
- The hot zone is the area where FFs are operating, and PPE is required.
- The general rule for the fire perimeter distance is to keep unauthorized people at least 300 feet away from the scene.
Command Post
- The command post is located outside the hot zone, where PPE is not required.
NFPA 1710
- The NFPA 1710 defined turnout time for EMS response is 90 seconds.
- The travel time defined in NFPA 1710 for full high-rise alarm assignment is 4 minutes.
- The preburn time is dependent on the time of arrival and the initial response.
- The turnout time starts when the alarm is received according to NFPA 1710.
- The defined turnout time for fire or other special ops response is 80 seconds.
- The maximum travel time defined in NFPA 1710 for the 2nd company with a minimum of 4 personnel is 4 minutes.
ISO Formula
- The ISO formula 1.7 x distance + 0.65 represents the travel time for firefighting responses.
Safety and Rehab
- The primary purpose of establishing an accountability system on the fire ground is to ensure all personnel are accounted for.
- The recommended signal for emergency evacuation is a whistle or air horn.
RIC and IRIC
- The recommended crew size for RIC is 2-4 personnel according to NFPA.
- The primary role of IRIC is to provide rescue and treatment for downed firefighters.
Firefighter Safety
- The worst scenario from a firefighter safety viewpoint is a multi-story building with a basement and no safety features.
- Ordinary solid materials must undergo pyrolysis to release vapor fuel.
Safety Officer
- The safety officer cannot be the accountability officer, as it creates a conflict of interest.
High-Rise Operations
- The primary task of lobby control in high-rise fire operations is to control access and egress.
- The role of the second RIC in extended operations is to provide backup and relief.
Thermal Protective Performance (TPP)
- The minimum TPP value for protective coats and trousers is 35.
- A TPP of 35 provides protection against second-degree burns at near flashover temperatures for 17-20 minutes.
Rehab and Prehydration
- The recommended prehydration guideline for firefighters is to drink 16-20 ounces of water 1-2 hours before incident response.
- Rehab can be divided into phases, including cooling, rehydration, and rehabilitation.
- Informal rehab usually involves providing water, electrolyte-rich drinks, and snacks.
- Rehab should be provided according to NFPA 1584, which recommends rehab every 20-30 minutes or when a firefighter's heart rate exceeds 180 bpm.
- In cold weather conditions, rehab should provide warmth, dry clothing, and hot beverages.
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