Incident Response Process Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the first step in the six-step incident response process?

  • Identification
  • Containment
  • Preparation (correct)
  • Lessons Learned

What type of activities has Stark Research Labs contributed to?

  • Video game production
  • Environmental sustainability
  • Medical research solutions
  • Advanced weapons projects (correct)

Which organization is credited with documenting the six-step incident response process?

  • National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) (correct)
  • National Security Agency (NSA)
  • Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
  • Department of Homeland Security (DHS)

What unusual behaviors were documented by the IT staff at SRL?

<p>Severe disruptions in service (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which step in the incident response process focuses on mitigating the effects of an incident?

<p>Containment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the evidence on the workstation indicate?

<p>Evidence of human-operated malware (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the 'lessons learned' step in the incident response process?

<p>To prepare for future incidents (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the six steps in the incident response process?

<p>Assessment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why has Stark Research Labs become a prime target for state-sponsored adversaries?

<p>They are a leading high-tech innovator (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what time did the unusual behavior on the corporate network become documented?

<p>January 2023 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of incident response, what does 'eradication' involve?

<p>Removing the threat from the environment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant finding during the troubleshooting by the IT department?

<p>Evidence of possible malicious activity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of incidents does the six-step incident response process primarily address?

<p>Cybersecurity incidents (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following steps would be most concerned with ensuring that systems are back online after an incident?

<p>Recovery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the quarantined malware on the workstation suggest?

<p>Potential human-operated cyber threats (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has contributed to the efficacy of incident response in organizations over the last decade?

<p>Active threat hunting initiatives (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the nature of attacks faced by modern enterprises?

<p>Increasingly sophisticated with global implications (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does statistics from Mandiant M-Trends indicate about internal detections?

<p>An increase in internal detections as a security indicator (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) actors are primarily associated with which types of attacks?

<p>State-sponsored attacks with strategic intent (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of financial impact have massive global attacks caused?

<p>Billions of dollars in financial losses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following challenges has network defenders faced in the last decade?

<p>The complexity of enterprise networks used against them (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect do advanced adversaries have on security models?

<p>They lead to the obsolescence of existing security models (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical step organizations have taken in response to the evolving threat landscape?

<p>Engaging in proactive threat hunting (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of modern adversaries makes successful remediation challenging?

<p>They have extensive resources to persist in their efforts. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aspect of planning for remediation events?

<p>They require coordination with multiple groups. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which time frame are remediation events typically planned to minimize business disruption?

<p>Over weekends when fewer operations occur. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is often expected immediately after a successful remediation?

<p>A new wave of attacks from the adversary. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect can make the remediation process harder across a large network?

<p>The presence of multiple adversary command and control points. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What approach is often taken by adversaries to ensure their survivability in a network?

<p>They invest time and resources into maintaining access. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the principal goal during a remediation event?

<p>Purge adversaries while minimizing operational impacts. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What challenge arises due to the professional nature of modern adversaries?

<p>They are equipped with considerable expertise and planning capabilities. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a good first step in enhancing incident response?

<p>Implementing the basics, like the top four critical controls (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do most organizations struggle with incident response?

<p>They underestimate the importance of basic controls (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of eliminating noise in a network environment?

<p>Enhances the ability to identify future adversaries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

On which aspect should the new approach to incident response focus?

<p>A remediation-focused strategy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is expected when proper visibility is implemented during an incident?

<p>Immediate remediation efforts can commence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which critical action can significantly lower the costs associated with incident response?

<p>Implementing only the top four critical controls (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a remediation-focused approach signify in incident response?

<p>Proactive identification and fixing of vulnerabilities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of implementing the SANS Critical Controls?

<p>Increased costs due to additional layers of security (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Takeaway Section

A crucial section in the lab that highlights key findings and insights that will build upon each other throughout the course.

Takeaway Section

A crucial section in the lab that highlights key findings and insights that will build upon each other throughout the course.

Lab Review

The process of repeatedly reviewing and practicing the lab material to solidify knowledge and skills.

Keyboard Kung Fu

The ability to use the keyboard efficiently and effectively to complete tasks.

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Prior Knowledge

Essential knowledge and skills gained from previous labs that are necessary for understanding and solving current lab exercises.

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Advanced Persistent Threat (APT)

Threat actors who utilize advanced techniques and persistent tactics to compromise targets, often with the goal of espionage or financial gain. They use multiple methods to achieve their goals and can remain undetected for extended periods.

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Nation-State Attacks

Attacks carried out by nation-states, typically with the aim of espionage, cyberwarfare, or disruption.

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Threat Hunting

The practice of proactively searching for and identifying threats within an organization's network, often involving advanced techniques to uncover hidden malicious activity.

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Incident Response

The response plan and actions taken when a security incident occurs, aimed at mitigating damage, containing the incident, and restoring normal operations.

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Security Model

A comprehensive approach to security that encompasses multiple layers of protection, including technologies, processes, and policies, to defend against various cyber threats.

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Complexity of Enterprise Networks

The increasing complexity of modern networks makes it challenging to identify and mitigate security threats, creating vulnerabilities that adversaries can exploit.

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Sophisticated Attacks

The growing sophistication of attackers using advanced techniques to avoid detection and compromise systems, posing a significant challenge to security personnel.

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Internal Detections

The detection of malicious activity within an organization's network, indicating a higher level of awareness and security measures.

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Eradication

The process of eliminating any remaining traces of the threat from the compromised system(s). This includes removing malicious files, software, and configurations.

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Recovery

Restoring the system to a fully operational state after the threat has been dealt with.

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Identification

Identifying and analyzing the nature and scope of the incident, including the affected systems and data.

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Containment

Preventing the threat from spreading further and causing more damage.

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Lessons Learned

A detailed examination of the incident to understand what happened, how it happened, and what lessons can be learned.

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Preparation

The process of preparing for potential incidents by planning and implementing security measures.

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Six-Step Incident Response Process

A model used to guide incident response efforts, outlining six key steps.

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NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology)

This organization provides guidance and standards for incident response.

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What is Stark Research Labs known for?

Stark Research Labs (SRL) is a leading innovator specializing in biotech, metals research, and advanced alloy generation. Their innovations are significant, resulting in contributions to diverse fields like military protection, space exploration and advanced weaponry.

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Why is SRL a target for adversaries?

SRL's contributions have earned them attention and made them a target for adversaries. Due to the sensitive nature of their research and technological advancements, they face threats from various state-sponsored groups.

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What unusual network activity was observed at SRL in January 2023?

The IT staff at SRL detected unusual network activity in early 2023. This included irregularities in the mail server leading to service disruptions for both internal and external users.

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How did SRL's IT staff initially interpret the network behavior?

The initial network issues at SRL were initially attributed to technical malfunctions. However, further investigation revealed evidence of malicious activity, suggesting a deliberate attack.

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What event confirmed the presence of malicious activity at SRL?

The tipping point for SRL's IT team came when they discovered malware on a workstation handling sensitive project data. This indicated human-operated activity, confirming a targeted attack.

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What was the malware at SRL specifically targeting?

The discovered malware at SRL was specifically targeting sensitive project data, emphasizing the attackers' interest in compromising valuable information.

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What does the incident at SRL highlight?

The incident at SRL demonstrates the growing cyberthreats faced by organizations involved in advanced technologies. Their innovations and sensitive information make them prime targets for adversaries.

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What lesson should organizations learn from SRL's experience?

SRL's experience serves as a reminder for organizations to invest in robust cybersecurity measures. These measures are crucial to protect sensitive information against sophisticated digital attacks.

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Remediation

The process of restoring a compromised system or network to a safe and operational state.

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Remediation Event

A coordinated effort to remove attackers and malware from a network within a short period of time.

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Survivability

An attacker's ability to remain hidden and undetected for extended periods.

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Re-entry Attempts

Attempts by attackers to regain access to a network after a remediation event.

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Maneuverability

The ability of an attacker to easily navigate and move around a compromised network.

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Incident Response Plan

A plan to address potential security incidents, including activities like containment and recovery.

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Delay in Remediation

The time it takes from the initial attack to the start of remediation efforts.

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Scope of Intrusion

The difficulty of fully understanding the extent of a security breach and its impact.

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SANS Critical Controls Implementation

A crucial step for organizations to implement basic but essential security controls, particularly focusing on the top four, to enhance incident response and active defense capabilities.

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Noise Reduction in Security

A significant advantage gained by eliminating irrelevant data and distractions from an organization's environment, making it easier to discover and respond to threats.

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Remediation-Focused Incident Response

A key aspect of incident response that emphasizes proactive remediation measures starting from the initial discovery of a security incident, preventing further damage and ensuring continuous security.

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Study Notes

Course Information

  • Course Title: Advanced Incident Response, Threat Hunting, & Digital Forensics
  • Course Number: FOR508
  • Certification: GIAC Certified Forensic Analyst (GCFA)
  • Courseware License Agreement (CLA) applies to all course materials
  • User agrees to be bound by terms of the CLA
  • User may not copy, reproduce, re-publish, distribute, display, modify or create derivative works of the courseware
  • User may not sell, rent, lease, trade, or otherwise transfer the courseware to any person or entity without express written consent
  • All software/tools, graphics, images, tables, charts, or graphs in the courseware are the property of their respective owners

Pre-Class Preparation

  • Find the course media "A" (ISO file)
  • Obtain the course workbook
  • Complete the tasks in Lab 0 (VM Installation)
  • Read the SRL Intrustion Scenario
  • Access the course Dropbox (links provided)
  • Review extra website links (links provided)

Lab Information

  • Lab 0 instructions to be completed before class
  • Lab 1.1 instructions to be completed before class (APT Incident Response Challenge)
  • Instructions on how to approach labs in FOR508 (objectives, preparation, questions, solutions, takeaways, etc.)

Additional Topics

  • Overview of the 6-step Incident Response Process (Preparation, Identification, Containment, Eradication, Recovery, Lessons Learned)
  • Detection Trends are Improving (graph showing improved detection and reduced dwell time)
  • Threat Landscape (Nation-State Actors, Organized Crime, Hacktivists)
  • SRL Intrusion Scenario (graphic indicating targeted countries)
  • Why Stark Research Labs? (Highlighting the target status of SRL for advanced cyber-attacks.)
  • "I Have a Bad Feeling About This" (Summary of a recent intrusion, highlighting initial detection anomalies, and subsequent tasks by IT.)
  • Threat Intelligence: Crimson Osprey (Summary of the threat actor's tactics, target profile and impact.)
  • Stark Research Labs Network Diagram (Illustrative network diagram for the target company, showing network segments and services.)
  • Stark Research Labs Domain Configuration (Overview of the domain configuration, including security features like auditing, firewall restrictions, and certificate management.)
  • Advanced Incident Response and Threat Hunting Agenda (Sections including Threat Intelligence, Malware-ology, Malware Persistence, Incident Response, and Credential Theft.)
  • Data Analysis with Velociraptor (Details on VQL queries and how analysis is carried out.)
  • Malware-ology (Techniques, tools, and procedures of malware)
  • Malware Persistence (Mechanisms, like AutoStart Locations, Service Creation/Replacement; and their application by threat actors to remain undetected or operate persistently post-infection.)
  • Incident Response: Hunting Across The Enterprise (various considerations and techniques for hunting across an enterprise.)
  • Credential Theft (Various attacks, such as Pass-the-Hash, Golden Ticket, use of vulnerable programs or services.)
  • Kansa: PowerShell IR Framework (Automated incident response tasks, including third-party tool integration capabilities to deal with large enterprise environments.)
  • Tools and techniques like KAPE and Velociraptor are also relevant.

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