Incident Response Process and NIST Framework
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Questions and Answers

What are the two pillars directly correlated with the incident response process?

  • Detection and Response (correct)
  • Detection and Recovery
  • Prevention and Response
  • Response and Analysis

What aspect do many companies neglect in their incident response processes?

  • Implementing cloud security measures
  • Training employees regularly
  • Reviewing and incorporating lessons learned (correct)
  • Documenting procedures and policies

Which publication is referenced for creating an incident response plan?

  • CIS Controls
  • NIST 800-61R2 (correct)
  • SANS Incident Response
  • ISO 27001

What is the main goal of an incident response process?

<p>Minimizing damage and restoring normal operations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of incidents does incident response primarily address?

<p>Cybersecurity incidents (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in creating an incident response process?

<p>Establish the objective (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is defining the scope of an incident response process important?

<p>To clarify to whom the process applies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of an incident response process must be documented to avoid confusion?

<p>Definitions and glossary of terms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical factor in the roles and responsibilities within an incident response process?

<p>Establishing the level of authority (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What question helps define the objective of an incident response process?

<p>What is the purpose of this process? (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following must be clarified regarding security incidents?

<p>Examples of what constitutes a security incident (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the perception of a security incident vary among companies?

<p>It varies based on the company's industry and policies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who has the authority to confiscate a computer for investigation in an incident response process?

<p>Individuals defined by the incident response roles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key reason for having an incident response (IR) process in place?

<p>To enable quick detection and identification of network attacks. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately reflects the training required for personnel in a company with a strong security posture?

<p>All users should know core security fundamentals to perform their job safely. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What could happen if no indication of compromise (IoC) is found during the incident response process?

<p>Normal operations may resume without further investigation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to have sensors in both the network and hosts?

<p>To enhance the detection and identification of attacks effectively. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of integration between the help desk and incident response team?

<p>To ensure seamless data sharing that aids in incident management. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common goal of attackers infiltrating a network?

<p>To move laterally and escalate privileges within compromised systems. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which guideline is NOT emphasized for a company with a good security posture?

<p>Users should remain uninformed about security practices. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What may result from an effective incident response process?

<p>Strengthened overall security posture through improved awareness. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must you first understand before determining if server performance is abnormal?

<p>The normal operating speed of the server (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following components is NOT mentioned as crucial for incident handling optimization?

<p>Incident tracking system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should you do in the absence of real-time incident data when you arrive at a scene?

<p>Set up the environment to capture relevant data (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is clock synchronization across all systems important in incident management?

<p>It ensures that logs are recorded accurately and can be correlated (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of establishing a network baseline?

<p>It clarifies the normal operation parameters for effective troubleshooting (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor directly affects the priority of an incident in a business?

<p>The importance of the affected system for the business (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of information being affected by an incident usually indicates high priority?

<p>Personal Identifiable Information (PII) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process is essential for defining how to respond to an incident involving external parties?

<p>Developing a clear communication strategy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does recoverability factor into determining incident severity?

<p>Longer recovery time can increase priority if the system is critical (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a necessary step after defining the users or groups with authority in incident response?

<p>Communicate authority to all stakeholders to avoid confusion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What question regarding resource allocation should be addressed during an incident?

<p>Should resources be allocated more to incident 'A' versus incident 'B'? (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for stakeholders of the affected system to be aware of an incident?

<p>To ensure timely recovery and support the assessment of priorities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does effective incident response require in addition to defining authority?

<p>Interaction frameworks with third parties, partners, and customers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key consideration when outsourcing incident response operations?

<p>The accountability for employee training (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be included in a well-defined service-level agreement (SLA) for incident response?

<p>Severity levels established prior to outsourcing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is crucial for ensuring 24-hour coverage in incident response?

<p>Defining team allocation based on shifts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the on-call process in incident response?

<p>To have designated employees available for emergencies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What typically happens during the preparation phase of the incident life cycle?

<p>Implementing security controls based on a risk assessment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are employees typically scheduled for the on-call process?

<p>Using a rotational schedule (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the incident life cycle?

<p>It includes various phases from start to finish (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do shifts play in incident response management?

<p>They provide a framework for team member allocation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Incident Response (IR) process

An organized approach to detecting, managing, and recovering from cybersecurity incidents, like data breaches.

Security posture

The overall security level of an organization.

Cybersecurity incidents

Security problems, such as data breaches.

NIST Computer Security Incident Response (CSIR) publication 800-61R2

A standard for how to handle cybersecurity incidents.

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Incident Response Process (IRP)

The procedures to handle and recover from security incidents.

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Why is IR important?

A good IR process helps companies detect, manage, and recover from security incidents efficiently. It's essential for protecting data, systems, and reputation.

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Who needs IR training?

All IT personnel should be trained on incident handling. Users should also receive security basics for safer work practices, minimizing risk.

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Helpdesk & IR integration

Creating a smooth data flow between Helpdesk and the IR team allows for faster response times and better incident analysis.

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What happens if no IoC is found?

Even when initial scans don't find signs of compromise, it's important to remain vigilant. Things might appear to be normal, but the threat could be hidden.

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Lateral movement

Attackers often move undetected across a network, compromising systems and escalating privileges. This is a major security risk.

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Sensors for network defense

Having sensors in both the network and on individual hosts helps detect attacks early and identify potential threats.

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Escalating privileges

Attackers try to gain control of accounts with high privileges, like administrator level, allowing them to take over the system.

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Imminent threat

This refers to a situation where a security breach is highly likely and immediate action is required to prevent it.

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Incident Response Process Objective

The purpose of the incident response process. It should clearly state what the process aims to achieve.

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Incident Response Process Scope

Determines who or what is covered by the process. This could be company-wide or limited to specific departments.

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Security Incident Definition

Provides a clear understanding of what constitutes a security incident within the organization, including examples.

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Incident Response Glossary

A collection of terms and definitions relevant to security incidents, tailored to the specific company and industry.

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Roles and Responsibilities

Defines who is responsible for each task within the incident response process and their level of authority.

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Authority in Incident Response

The level of power or authorization given to specific individuals during an incident response process. For example, who can confiscate equipment for investigation?

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Different Incident Response Needs

The incident response process should be adapted based on the specific requirements of different industries and companies.

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Documenting Terminology

Important security incident related terms must be documented, creating a glossary specific to the company and industry.

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Outsourcing Incident Response

Hiring a third-party company to handle your organization's incident response activities.

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Service-Level Agreement (SLA)

A contract outlining the specific services and performance standards expected from the outsourced incident response provider.

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24/7 Coverage

Ensuring that incident response services are available around the clock, every day of the week.

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On-Call Process

A system where designated employees are available outside of regular working hours to respond to incidents.

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Incident Life Cycle

The different stages involved in handling a security incident, from detection to recovery.

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Preparation Phase

The initial stage of incident response, focusing on planning, implementing security controls, and training.

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Security Controls

Measures taken to protect systems and data from security threats.

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Risk Assessment

Identifying and evaluating potential security risks to an organization.

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Critical Incident

An event that significantly impacts an organization's operations, data, or reputation, requiring immediate response.

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Incident Severity

A ranking system that classifies incidents based on their potential impact and urgency.

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What factors influence Incident Severity?

Determining incident severity requires assessing functional impact, affected information type, and recoverability.

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Functional Impact

How a system's failure affects the organization's operations and business goals.

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PII (Personally Identifiable Information)

Data that can be used to identify an individual, such as names, addresses, or social security numbers.

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Recoverability

The time and effort required to restore systems and data after an incident.

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Third-Party Communications

A plan for communicating with external stakeholders like customers and media when an incident impacts them.

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Incident Response and Media

How an organization manages media inquiries and public communication during and after an incident.

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Baselining

Establishing a normal operating state for systems, networks, and devices to detect anomalies later. It involves setting up profiles, capturing data, and defining what's considered 'normal' operation.

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System Profile

A detailed snapshot of a system's configuration, including hardware, software, running processes, and security settings. It provides a baseline for comparison in case of incidents.

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Network Profile

A comprehensive picture of network traffic patterns, including bandwidth usage, protocols, and devices connected. Helps establish normal network behavior.

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Log Retention Policy

A set of rules that determines how long logs (records of system events) are kept for analysis and investigation. It's essential for incident response and security auditing.

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Clock Synchronization

Ensuring all systems and devices share the same time. It's crucial for accurate log analysis and event sequencing during incident investigation.

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Study Notes

Incident Response Process

  • Sustained security posture depends on a solid incident response process.
  • Detection and response are two key pillars directly related to the Incident Response (IR) process.
  • Incident Response (IR) is a process organizations use to detect, manage and recover from cybersecurity incidents such as data breaches and other security incidents.
  • IR involves a series of planned procedures aimed at minimizing damage and restoring normal operations quickly.
  • Many companies have an incident response process, but often fail to regularly review it or adapt to new environments, such as cloud-based systems.

NIST Incident Response Life Cycle

  • The NIST Incident Response Life Cycle includes four steps.
  • Step One: Preparation
  • Step Two: Detection and Analysis
  • Step Three: Containment, Eradication, and Recovery
  • Step Four: Post-Incident Activity

Common Types of Security Incidents

  • Malware infections (e.g., viruses, worms, Trojans, ransomware, spyware)
  • Phishing attacks (e.g., email phishing, spear phishing, whaling)
  • Data breaches (e.g., hacking, accidental exposure, insider threats, physical theft)
  • Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks
  • Insider threats (e.g., malicious insiders, negligent insiders, compromised insiders)
  • Unauthorized access
  • Weak passwords
  • Social engineering attacks (e.g., phishing, pretexting, baiting, quid pro quo)

Reasons to have an IR process in place

  • Knowing the terminology and the purpose of an IR process is important to enhance security posture.
  • Understanding best practices based on industry standards is beneficial for developing an incident response process.
  • A standard used as a reference in this book is the Computer Security Incident Response (CSIR) publication 800-61R2 from NIST.
  • Having an incident response process allows organizations to effectively handle security incidents and respond rapidly.

Foundational Areas of Incident Response Process

  • Objective: Define the purpose of the incident response process.
  • Scope: Determine who or what the process applies to (company-wide, departmental, etc.).
  • Definition/Terminology: Establish a clear definition of what constitutes a security incident within the business.
  • Roles/Responsibilities: Outline the roles and responsibilities of involved personnel.
  • Priorities/Severity Levels: Define the priorities and severity levels of different incidents.

Incident Response Team

  • Team format (distributed or centralized) depends on the company size, budget and purpose.
  • Distributed model: Multiple incident response teams with each having specific attributes and responsibilities.
  • Centralized model: One central incident response team that handles incidents regardless of location.
  • The incident response team requires knowledgeable personnel with expertise in diverse areas.
  • The budget for the IR team must include continuous improvement via education, software/hardware acquisition, and staff training.
  • Outsource services only if the chosen company is accountable for employee training in the field.

Incident Life Cycle

  • Each incident has a beginning and end, and the phases in between define the outcome.
  • The preparation phase involves several security controls, such as endpoint protection, malware protection and network security.
  • Detection, containment and the subsequent post-incident activity phases interact throughout the incident.

Handling an Incident

  • Ensure the detection system can dynamically identify attack vectors and new threats.
  • End users should be aware of the different types of attack methods and have a means to manually report suspicious behaviour.
  • Incident response requires collecting data from multiple sources to accurately identify the true nature of the event (e.g., data validation).
  • When an incident occurs, live data acquisition is important for remediation of the issue.
  • Detection phases are often done in parallel to save time to rapidly respond to an ongoing issue.
  • The most challenging part of an incident response process is achieving the correct identification of a security incident.
  • When the incident has ended, the data gathering process can be used to evaluate the situation's completeness.
  • To establish whether a security incident has occurred, use system profiles and network profiles/baselines.

Best Practices to Optimize Incident Handling

  • Be aware of the normal variables in the system (e.g., normal server performance) before determining if a detected issue is an outlier.
  • Establish a baseline across all systems and networks to identify what's normal.
  • Establish policies like log retention to collect and analyze data for incident response.
  • Ensure clock synchronization across all systems to avoid issues in time-related data comparisons.

Communication

  • Clear communication regarding identified issues is crucial during the incident response process.
  • In incidents involving PII, adhere to company security policies for data disclosure.
  • Involve the legal department to ensure there are no legal ramifications before disclosing incidents to the media.
  • Procedures to engage law enforcement agencies should be part of documented procedures for incident resolution.

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Description

This quiz covers the essential components of the Incident Response Process, with a focus on the NIST Incident Response Life Cycle. Explore how organizations can effectively detect, manage, and recover from cybersecurity incidents while minimizing damage. Understand the common types of security incidents that necessitate a robust incident response strategy.

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