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What are the two pillars directly correlated with the incident response process?
What are the two pillars directly correlated with the incident response process?
What aspect do many companies neglect in their incident response processes?
What aspect do many companies neglect in their incident response processes?
Which publication is referenced for creating an incident response plan?
Which publication is referenced for creating an incident response plan?
What is the main goal of an incident response process?
What is the main goal of an incident response process?
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What type of incidents does incident response primarily address?
What type of incidents does incident response primarily address?
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What is the first step in creating an incident response process?
What is the first step in creating an incident response process?
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Why is defining the scope of an incident response process important?
Why is defining the scope of an incident response process important?
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What aspect of an incident response process must be documented to avoid confusion?
What aspect of an incident response process must be documented to avoid confusion?
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What is a critical factor in the roles and responsibilities within an incident response process?
What is a critical factor in the roles and responsibilities within an incident response process?
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What question helps define the objective of an incident response process?
What question helps define the objective of an incident response process?
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Which of the following must be clarified regarding security incidents?
Which of the following must be clarified regarding security incidents?
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How does the perception of a security incident vary among companies?
How does the perception of a security incident vary among companies?
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Who has the authority to confiscate a computer for investigation in an incident response process?
Who has the authority to confiscate a computer for investigation in an incident response process?
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What is a key reason for having an incident response (IR) process in place?
What is a key reason for having an incident response (IR) process in place?
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Which statement accurately reflects the training required for personnel in a company with a strong security posture?
Which statement accurately reflects the training required for personnel in a company with a strong security posture?
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What could happen if no indication of compromise (IoC) is found during the incident response process?
What could happen if no indication of compromise (IoC) is found during the incident response process?
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Why is it important to have sensors in both the network and hosts?
Why is it important to have sensors in both the network and hosts?
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What is the role of integration between the help desk and incident response team?
What is the role of integration between the help desk and incident response team?
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What is a common goal of attackers infiltrating a network?
What is a common goal of attackers infiltrating a network?
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Which guideline is NOT emphasized for a company with a good security posture?
Which guideline is NOT emphasized for a company with a good security posture?
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What may result from an effective incident response process?
What may result from an effective incident response process?
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What must you first understand before determining if server performance is abnormal?
What must you first understand before determining if server performance is abnormal?
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Which of the following components is NOT mentioned as crucial for incident handling optimization?
Which of the following components is NOT mentioned as crucial for incident handling optimization?
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What should you do in the absence of real-time incident data when you arrive at a scene?
What should you do in the absence of real-time incident data when you arrive at a scene?
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Why is clock synchronization across all systems important in incident management?
Why is clock synchronization across all systems important in incident management?
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What is the primary benefit of establishing a network baseline?
What is the primary benefit of establishing a network baseline?
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What factor directly affects the priority of an incident in a business?
What factor directly affects the priority of an incident in a business?
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Which type of information being affected by an incident usually indicates high priority?
Which type of information being affected by an incident usually indicates high priority?
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What process is essential for defining how to respond to an incident involving external parties?
What process is essential for defining how to respond to an incident involving external parties?
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How does recoverability factor into determining incident severity?
How does recoverability factor into determining incident severity?
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What is a necessary step after defining the users or groups with authority in incident response?
What is a necessary step after defining the users or groups with authority in incident response?
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What question regarding resource allocation should be addressed during an incident?
What question regarding resource allocation should be addressed during an incident?
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Why is it important for stakeholders of the affected system to be aware of an incident?
Why is it important for stakeholders of the affected system to be aware of an incident?
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What does effective incident response require in addition to defining authority?
What does effective incident response require in addition to defining authority?
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What is a key consideration when outsourcing incident response operations?
What is a key consideration when outsourcing incident response operations?
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What should be included in a well-defined service-level agreement (SLA) for incident response?
What should be included in a well-defined service-level agreement (SLA) for incident response?
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Which aspect is crucial for ensuring 24-hour coverage in incident response?
Which aspect is crucial for ensuring 24-hour coverage in incident response?
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What is the main purpose of the on-call process in incident response?
What is the main purpose of the on-call process in incident response?
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What typically happens during the preparation phase of the incident life cycle?
What typically happens during the preparation phase of the incident life cycle?
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How are employees typically scheduled for the on-call process?
How are employees typically scheduled for the on-call process?
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What characterizes the incident life cycle?
What characterizes the incident life cycle?
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What role do shifts play in incident response management?
What role do shifts play in incident response management?
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Study Notes
Incident Response Process
- Sustained security posture depends on a solid incident response process.
- Detection and response are two key pillars directly related to the Incident Response (IR) process.
- Incident Response (IR) is a process organizations use to detect, manage and recover from cybersecurity incidents such as data breaches and other security incidents.
- IR involves a series of planned procedures aimed at minimizing damage and restoring normal operations quickly.
- Many companies have an incident response process, but often fail to regularly review it or adapt to new environments, such as cloud-based systems.
NIST Incident Response Life Cycle
- The NIST Incident Response Life Cycle includes four steps.
- Step One: Preparation
- Step Two: Detection and Analysis
- Step Three: Containment, Eradication, and Recovery
- Step Four: Post-Incident Activity
Common Types of Security Incidents
- Malware infections (e.g., viruses, worms, Trojans, ransomware, spyware)
- Phishing attacks (e.g., email phishing, spear phishing, whaling)
- Data breaches (e.g., hacking, accidental exposure, insider threats, physical theft)
- Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks
- Insider threats (e.g., malicious insiders, negligent insiders, compromised insiders)
- Unauthorized access
- Weak passwords
- Social engineering attacks (e.g., phishing, pretexting, baiting, quid pro quo)
Reasons to have an IR process in place
- Knowing the terminology and the purpose of an IR process is important to enhance security posture.
- Understanding best practices based on industry standards is beneficial for developing an incident response process.
- A standard used as a reference in this book is the Computer Security Incident Response (CSIR) publication 800-61R2 from NIST.
- Having an incident response process allows organizations to effectively handle security incidents and respond rapidly.
Foundational Areas of Incident Response Process
- Objective: Define the purpose of the incident response process.
- Scope: Determine who or what the process applies to (company-wide, departmental, etc.).
- Definition/Terminology: Establish a clear definition of what constitutes a security incident within the business.
- Roles/Responsibilities: Outline the roles and responsibilities of involved personnel.
- Priorities/Severity Levels: Define the priorities and severity levels of different incidents.
Incident Response Team
- Team format (distributed or centralized) depends on the company size, budget and purpose.
- Distributed model: Multiple incident response teams with each having specific attributes and responsibilities.
- Centralized model: One central incident response team that handles incidents regardless of location.
- The incident response team requires knowledgeable personnel with expertise in diverse areas.
- The budget for the IR team must include continuous improvement via education, software/hardware acquisition, and staff training.
- Outsource services only if the chosen company is accountable for employee training in the field.
Incident Life Cycle
- Each incident has a beginning and end, and the phases in between define the outcome.
- The preparation phase involves several security controls, such as endpoint protection, malware protection and network security.
- Detection, containment and the subsequent post-incident activity phases interact throughout the incident.
Handling an Incident
- Ensure the detection system can dynamically identify attack vectors and new threats.
- End users should be aware of the different types of attack methods and have a means to manually report suspicious behaviour.
- Incident response requires collecting data from multiple sources to accurately identify the true nature of the event (e.g., data validation).
- When an incident occurs, live data acquisition is important for remediation of the issue.
- Detection phases are often done in parallel to save time to rapidly respond to an ongoing issue.
- The most challenging part of an incident response process is achieving the correct identification of a security incident.
- When the incident has ended, the data gathering process can be used to evaluate the situation's completeness.
- To establish whether a security incident has occurred, use system profiles and network profiles/baselines.
Best Practices to Optimize Incident Handling
- Be aware of the normal variables in the system (e.g., normal server performance) before determining if a detected issue is an outlier.
- Establish a baseline across all systems and networks to identify what's normal.
- Establish policies like log retention to collect and analyze data for incident response.
- Ensure clock synchronization across all systems to avoid issues in time-related data comparisons.
Communication
- Clear communication regarding identified issues is crucial during the incident response process.
- In incidents involving PII, adhere to company security policies for data disclosure.
- Involve the legal department to ensure there are no legal ramifications before disclosing incidents to the media.
- Procedures to engage law enforcement agencies should be part of documented procedures for incident resolution.
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Description
This quiz covers the essential components of the Incident Response Process, with a focus on the NIST Incident Response Life Cycle. Explore how organizations can effectively detect, manage, and recover from cybersecurity incidents while minimizing damage. Understand the common types of security incidents that necessitate a robust incident response strategy.
