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Questions and Answers
What was the impact of diseases introduced by European explorers on the native population?
What was the impact of diseases introduced by European explorers on the native population?
Who was designated as the heir to the Inca throne by Huayna Capac?
Who was designated as the heir to the Inca throne by Huayna Capac?
What led to the succession crisis in the Inca Empire?
What led to the succession crisis in the Inca Empire?
Who was crowned Sapa Inca in Cusco with the support of the main royal families?
Who was crowned Sapa Inca in Cusco with the support of the main royal families?
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What was the outcome of Huascar's military campaign against Atahualpa?
What was the outcome of Huascar's military campaign against Atahualpa?
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What happened to Huascar's army after he was captured?
What happened to Huascar's army after he was captured?
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Who had the support of Huayna Capac's veteran troops and three experienced generals?
Who had the support of Huayna Capac's veteran troops and three experienced generals?
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What was the outcome of the battle of Huanacopampa?
What was the outcome of the battle of Huanacopampa?
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Study Notes
The Inca Empire and Huayna Capac
- Huayna Capac, the 12th Inca, expanded the empire from present-day Colombia to Chile and from the Pacific Ocean to the Amazon basin.
- He devoted the last years of his reign to pacifying the northern edge of the empire.
The Smallpox Epidemic
- Huayna Capac contracted smallpox, a disease introduced to the Americas by European explorers.
- Smallpox, along with other diseases such as measles, cholera, malaria, and yellow fever, spread rapidly throughout the Americas, claiming countless native lives.
Succession Crisis
- Huayna Capac designated his son Ninan Cuyochi as his heir, but Ninan Cuyochi died of smallpox before ascending to the throne.
- This led to a succession crisis, as the empire's power was typically transferred from father to son.
The Brothers' Conflict
- Huascar, another son of Huayna Capac, was crowned Sapa Inca in Cusco with the support of the main royal families.
- Atahualpa, another half-brother, stayed in Quito and showed interest in military issues, unlike Huascar.
- Atahualpa didn't attend Huayna Capac's funeral nor Huascar's coronation, arousing Huascar's suspicions and leading to the Inca Civil War.
The Inca Civil War
- Huascar launched a military campaign against Atahualpa to consolidate his authority over the empire.
- Atahualpa had the support of his father's veteran troops and three experienced generals: Calcuchímac, Quisquis, and Rumiñahui.
- Huascar's army was initially defeated, and his general Atoc was captured, tortured, and killed.
- Atahualpa's generals pushed Huascar's army back until they reached the outskirts of Cusco.
The Turning Point
- Huascar personally led his troops to victory in the battle of Huanacopampa, but failed to pursue Quisquis and Calcuchimac's armies, allowing them to regroup and set up an ambush.
- Huascar was captured, and his army was annihilated.
The Aftermath
- Atahualpa's generals massacred Huascar's remaining troops, and Huascar's royal lineage was eliminated.
- Atahualpa arrived in Cajamarca, awaiting news of his troops' final attack on the capital.
The Arrival of the Spanish
- Atahualpa received reports of strange foreigners with beards arriving on the coasts of the empire in huge floating houses, with unknown beasts and thunderous sticks.
- Despite being informed of the foreigners' violent behavior, Atahualpa allowed them to advance, unaware of the danger they posed.
The Inca Empire and Huayna Capac
- Huayna Capac expanded the empire from present-day Colombia to Chile and from the Pacific Ocean to the Amazon basin.
- He spent the last years of his reign pacifying the northern edge of the empire.
The Smallpox Epidemic
- Huayna Capac contracted smallpox, a disease introduced to the Americas by European explorers.
- Smallpox, along with other diseases, spread rapidly throughout the Americas, claiming countless native lives.
Succession Crisis
- Huayna Capac designated his son Ninan Cuyochi as his heir, but Ninan Cuyochi died of smallpox before ascending to the throne.
- This led to a succession crisis, as the empire's power was typically transferred from father to son.
The Brothers' Conflict
- Huascar, another son of Huayna Capac, was crowned Sapa Inca in Cusco with the support of the main royal families.
- Atahualpa, another half-brother, stayed in Quito and showed interest in military issues, unlike Huascar.
- Atahualpa's absence from Huayna Capac's funeral and Huascar's coronation aroused Huascar's suspicions.
The Inca Civil War
- Huascar launched a military campaign against Atahualpa to consolidate his authority over the empire.
- Atahualpa had the support of his father's veteran troops and three experienced generals.
- Huascar's army was initially defeated, and his general Atoc was captured, tortured, and killed.
The Turning Point
- Huascar personally led his troops to victory in the battle of Huanacopampa, but failed to pursue Quisquis and Calcuchimac's armies.
- Huascar was captured, and his army was annihilated.
The Aftermath
- Atahualpa's generals massacred Huascar's remaining troops, and Huascar's royal lineage was eliminated.
- Atahualpa arrived in Cajamarca, awaiting news of his troops' final attack on the capital.
The Arrival of the Spanish
- Atahualpa received reports of strange foreigners with beards arriving on the coasts of the empire in huge floating houses, with unknown beasts and thunderous sticks.
- Despite being informed of the foreigners' violent behavior, Atahualpa allowed them to advance, unaware of the danger they posed.
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Description
Learn about the 12th Inca, Huayna Capac, who expanded the empire, and how smallpox affected the empire's population.
