Origins and Expansion of the Inca Empire
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Questions and Answers

What did the Inca civilization celebrate during the summer solstice?

  • The festival of the harvest (correct)
  • The beginning of winter
  • The advent of spring
  • The birth of their leaders

Which traditional Inca game involves climbing a greased pole?

  • Greased pole (correct)
  • Running race
  • Wrestling
  • Ball game

What variety of food was an important part of the Inca diet?

  • Potatoes (correct)
  • Pasta
  • Rice
  • Soybeans

What is one activity suggested for students regarding Inca games?

<p>Organize a festival and teach the games to visitors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What challenge does Artie face when learning about Inca games?

<p>Language barrier with Quipu rules (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What format should the rules for the games be presented to Artie?

<p>In English (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of method is suggested for building a sun clock in the classroom?

<p>In small groups (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which item did the Incas use for record-keeping?

<p>Quipu (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of quipus in the Inca civilization?

<p>To keep track of numbers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which god was considered the main god of agriculture by the Incas?

<p>Inti (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What types of food constituted the majority of the Inca diet?

<p>A variety of crops including potatoes and quinoa (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Mama Quilla in relation to Inti?

<p>His wife and mother (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many people were estimated to be part of the Inca civilization at its peak?

<p>6 to 12 million (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a common misconception about the Inca civilization?

<p>They had a written language (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did Pachamama play in Incan mythology?

<p>The earth's mother goddess (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Inca civilization primarily rely on for sending food items across the empire?

<p>Road systems (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one key aspect of the Incan educational system for administrators?

<p>Emphasis on community values (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Incas maintain control of their large empire?

<p>By overwhelming enemies with a great army (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of festival do some modern cultures celebrate that originates from Inca traditions?

<p>Inti Raymi (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What language did the people of the Inca civilization primarily speak?

<p>Kichwa (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a common characteristic of the education for upper-class Inca women?

<p>Studying to become priestesses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the obligation for all non-native speakers in the Inca empire?

<p>To learn the Inca language (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did lower-class men primarily rely on for their education?

<p>Instruction by their fathers or uncles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did the Incas have a system of slavery?

<p>To punish conquered enemies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the initial location of the Inca empire before it expanded?

<p>Cuzco village (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was the remarkable leader credited with the expansion of the Inca empire?

<p>Pachacuti (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the strategies Pachacuti used to encourage tribal alliances?

<p>Sharing tales of his greatness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did road systems play in the expansion of the Inca empire?

<p>To facilitate quick travel and communication (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a common practice of the Inca towards local elites in conquered areas?

<p>Presenting art and luxury goods (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the role of the Sapa Inca in Inca society?

<p>He was considered a direct descendant of the sun god. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key feature of the Incan administration that helped maintain order?

<p>A centralized system of viceroys managing regions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long did the Inca empire exist roughly before the Spanish arrival?

<p>About 200 years (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Spanish arrival in 1532 on the Inca empire?

<p>It marked the end of the Inca empire's dominance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the chasquis in Inca society?

<p>They acted as runners in the mail system. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How might knots in quipus have been used, besides for numerical representation?

<p>To represent words or ideas. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main means used for resisting incorporation into the Inca empire?

<p>Military force (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes Inca civilization's approach to governance?

<p>It relied on a centralized system with various levels of leadership. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distance could the Inca mail system cover daily?

<p>200 - 400 kilometers per day. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which deity was the creator god in Inca mythology?

<p>Viracocha (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did the council play in the governance of Inca society?

<p>It assisted the Sapa Inca in governance. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What strategy did the Inca use to promote peaceful cohabitation with conquered societies?

<p>They shared food and provided protection. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was a significant contributing factor to the Inca Empire's expansion?

<p>The inclusion of different cultures' resources and ideas. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What caused vulnerabilities that made the Inca susceptible to conquest?

<p>Internal civil strife and unfamiliar threats. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What element of the Inca communication system is specifically mentioned?

<p>Knotted strings used to convey messages. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Inca allow conquered communities to maintain?

<p>Their own gods and religious practices. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At its peak, what geographical range did the Inca Empire cover?

<p>From Santiago, Chile to southern Colombia. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of support did the Inca provide to surrounding communities in need?

<p>Food during times of shortage. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one characteristic of clothing that may have been worn by Manco Capac?

<p>Incorporation of feathers and fine weavings. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Inca Expansion Strategy

The Inca empire grew rapidly by offering benefits to communities that joined peacefully, including food, protection, and allowing them to keep their own gods. This strategy minimized conflict and resistance.

Inca Empire's Size

At its peak, the Inca empire stretched from Santiago, Chile, up to southern Colombia, making it the largest empire ever in South America.

Inca's Adaptation of Existing Systems

The Inca incorporated and improved existing systems from previous cultures, adding their own ideas. This allowed them to benefit from prior knowledge and create more efficient systems.

Inca's Internal Management

The Inca empire had advanced systems in place that went beyond farming, including a complex communication system using knots and their own calendar.

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Inca Communication System

The Inca used a system of strings with knots tied in specific arrangements to communicate information throughout the empire.

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Inca Calendar

The Inca had their own complex calendar different from the calendar we use today.

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Inca's Advanced Systems

The Inca were more than just farmers, they utilized advanced systems such as their knot communication system and complex calendar, demonstrating a significant level of organization and development.

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Inca's Success Factors

The Inca's combination of a peaceful expansion strategy, adaptation of existing systems, complex internal management, and innovative communication methods contributed to their vast empire and significant accomplishments.

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How did the Inca Empire begin?

The Inca Empire started as a small tribe in Cuzco, high in the Andes Mountains of South America. Pachacuti, a strong leader, united neighboring tribes by spreading stories of his power and greatness. This strategy led to the expansion of the Inca Empire.

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What strategy did Pachacuti use to expand the Inca Empire?

Pachacuti, the Inca ruler, used a strategy of reaching out to neighboring tribes, spreading stories of his greatness, and offering benefits to those who chose to join the empire. He encouraged others to join him, spreading his influence and power.

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Why was Pachacuti's strategy successful?

Pachacuti's strategy of uniting tribes was successful because he demonstrated his power, offered benefits to those who joined, and utilized the existing road systems for efficient communication and transportation.

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How did the Inca expand their empire?

After Pachacuti, Inca leaders continued to expand their territory using the same strategies: uniting tribes, spreading stories of the empire's greatness, and integrating new members into Inca culture.

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What role did road systems play in the Inca Empire's expansion?

Road systems were vital to the Inca Empire's expansion. They allowed for quick travel and communication between Cuzco and new territories, facilitating the transport of people, troops, and resources.

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How did the Inca integrate new members into their empire?

The Inca integrated new communities by sharing their culture and language, and offering them opportunities to become part of the empire. This strategy helped solidify the Inca Empire's dominance and influence.

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What were the consequences of resisting the Inca?

Those who resisted the Inca expansion faced the full force of their armies. This strategy discouraged resistance and encouraged submission, leading to greater territorial control.

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How did the Inca use diplomacy in their expansion?

The Inca used diplomacy to attract new members to their empire. They offered local elites valuable art and luxury goods to persuade them to join peacefully. This strategy reduced conflict and facilitated smoother integration.

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Inca Empire Population

The exact number of people in the Inca Empire is unknown. Historians estimate their population during their greatest expansion was between 6 and 12 million.

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Tahuantinsuyo

The name for the Inca Empire, meaning 'the four parts of the world.'

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Kichwa Language

The language spoken by the Inca people throughout their empire.

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Inca Diet

The Inca primarily ate a vegetarian diet consisting of potatoes, maize, legumes, fruits, and quinoa. They occasionally consumed llama and cuy meat.

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Inca Agriculture

Inca agriculture was highly developed, with families growing food for themselves and using road systems to transport food throughout the empire.

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Inca Religion

The Incas believed in many gods, including Inti (the sun god) and Viracocha (the creator god). They practiced religious activities related to agriculture.

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Inti Raymi

A festival celebrated by the Incas to honor the sun god Inti, still celebrated in some Andean countries today.

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Viracocha

The main god of the Incas, believed to have created humanity and walked the earth doing good deeds.

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Greased Pole

A traditional Inca game where participants try to climb a greased pole to reach prizes at the top.

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Quipu

A complex system of knotted strings used by the Inca for communication and record-keeping.

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Inca Game Festival

A celebration of traditional Inca games and activities.

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Traditional Games

Inca games such as the greased pole, reflect their cultural practices and provide a glimpse into their history.

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Sun Clock

A device that uses the sun's position to tell time.

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Inca Language

The Inca communicated using Quechua, a language that is still spoken by many people in the Andes region today.

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Sapa Inca

The supreme ruler of the Inca Empire, considered a descendant of the sun god Inti and therefore divine. He held absolute power and made major decisions for the empire.

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Inca Government Structure

The Inca government was organized into a hierarchy, with the Sapa Inca at the top, followed by a council, four viceroys, and local governors called curacas.

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Inca Regional Divisions

The Inca Empire was divided into four regions called suyos, each managed by a viceroy. This division helped with administration and governance.

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Inca Inspectors

Special officials appointed by the Sapa Inca who traveled throughout the empire to ensure tasks were completed correctly and laws were followed.

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Inca Road System

The Inca built an extensive network of roads to facilitate travel, communication, and transportation throughout their vast empire.

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Inca Gods

The Inca worshiped various gods related to nature and creation. Some of the main gods included Viracocha (creator god), Inti (sun god), and Illapa (weather god).

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Who was Mama Quilla?

Mama Quilla was the mother and wife of Inti, the sun god in Inca mythology. She was also associated with the moon and was considered a powerful figure in Inca culture.

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What was Pachamama?

Pachamama was the earth mother goddess in Inca mythology. She was revered as a powerful force responsible for fertility, agriculture, and the well-being of the natural world.

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How did the Inca use their army?

The Inca had a powerful army that was used to subdue enemies and maintain control over their vast empire. Their success came from their large numbers and skills in hand-to-hand combat.

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How did the Inca treat rebels?

People who rebelled against the Inca government were often forced into slavery, becoming known as yanakunas. They were seen as a punishment for defying the state.

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What was the Inca's educational system like?

The Inca valued education for administrators and believed in communal responsibility. Their system emphasized knowledge about their values and culture, such as work and obedience.

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How did the Inca ensure everyone knew their language?

The Inca made it mandatory for all non-native speakers to learn Kichwa, their official language. This helped unify the empire and spread Inca culture.

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What was the purpose of learning Kichwa?

Learning Kichwa was a way for non-Inca people to assimilate into the empire and become more integrated into Inca society.

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How did the Inca's education system contribute to their empire?

The Inca's educational system helped strengthen their governance by creating a network of knowledgeable administrators who understood their values and culture.

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Study Notes

Inca Empire Origins

  • The Inca empire began as a small tribe in Cuzco, located in the Andes Mountains of South America.
  • Pachacuti, an important leader, expanded the empire by spreading stories of his power and excellence to neighboring tribes, encouraging them to join.
  • The name Pachacuti means "earth-shaker."
  • The Inca empire grew through absorbing other groups peacefully and sharing Inca culture and language.
  • The empire expanded through a network of roads that were developed to facilitate communication and the movement of troops.

Inca Expansion

  • The Inca leaders after Pachacuti used similar strategies for expansion.
  • Tupac Inca expanded the empire northwards to Quito.
  • Improved roads, developed from earlier civilizations, allowed faster travel and troop movement.
  • The Inca shared food and offered protection, encouraging peaceful assimilation into the empire.
  • Inca shared food and offered protection to conquered groups to encourage peaceful integration.
  • The Inca expanded their empire from Chile to southern Colombia.

Inca Society

  • The Inca social structure was hierarchical.
  • The Sapa Inca, considered a direct descendant of the sun god Inti, was the highest authority.
  • The Sapa Inca had a council and 4 viceroys to oversee the 4 regions of the empire (suyos).
  • Curacas (governors) led local communities.
  • Inspectors oversaw work to ensure efficiency and keep the empire organized.
  • The Inca had a complex system of roads, which allowed for quick communication. This system utilized runners called chasquis.

Inca Communication

  • The Inca used a system of knotted strings called quipu as an essential way of communicating and recording information.
  • The quipu's use was beyond simply counting, as some think the quipu also served as a written language.
  • The Chasqui system of runners delivered messages and information across the enormous Inca empire.

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Description

Explore the beginnings and growth of the Inca Empire, originating from a small tribe in Cuzco. Learn about significant leaders like Pachacuti and Tupac Inca, and how they expanded their empire through peaceful assimilation and improved infrastructure. This quiz covers the key strategies and cultural exchanges that defined the Inca period.

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