In Silico Drug Design: Molecular Modelling Techniques
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Questions and Answers

What is one advantage of having a loose-fitting structure in molecule design?

  • Enables fine-tuning of the structure (correct)
  • Leads to a rigid conformation
  • Prevents any binding from occurring
  • Allows for precise prediction of binding

In LUDI method, what is the first step involved in de novo design of ligands for proteins?

  • Searching libraries for fragments
  • Making hypothetical active sites for unknown receptor proteins
  • Fitting molecular fragments onto interaction sites
  • Calculating interaction sites within the protein's active site (correct)

Why are flexible molecules preferred over rigid molecules in molecule design?

  • Rigid molecules bind more effectively
  • Flexibility allows modification based on actual binding site (correct)
  • Rigid molecules have stable conformations
  • Flexible molecules allow for easier synthesis

What does LUDI distinguish when generating interaction sites for protein atoms or functional groups?

<p>Lipophilic and aromatic interactions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the LUDI method do if the structure of the receptor protein is unknown?

<p>Makes hypothetical active sites based on known ligands' characteristics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an essential consideration in molecule design to ensure stability?

<p>Considering feasible synthesis routes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential disadvantage of using more flexible molecules in conformational analysis?

<p>They have multiple possible conformations to consider (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of overlaying molecules in structural comparison of active compounds?

<p>To determine the common volume or space for important binding groups (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of computers when it comes to automatic docking of ligand to binding site?

<p>They lack spatial awareness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of spheres with radii > 5 Ã… being rejected in DOCK program guidelines?

<p>They are too large to fit in the binding site (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main principle of de novo drug design?

<p>Do not fill the entire space in the binding site (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of 3D pharmacophore identification?

<p>To identify the common pharmacophore triangles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does LUDI use to search for suitable interaction sites?

<p>Distance criteria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does LUDI fit the fragment?

<p>By performing a root mean square (RMS) superposition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does LUDI imply in terms of positioning a fragment?

<p>It positions the fragment to take advantage of nearby interaction sites (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are link sites defined on the ligand?

<p>Link sites are defined by hydrogen atoms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What method does LUDI use to simultaneously align the fragment to a ligand link site?

<p>LUDI does not actually create the ligand-fragment bond(s). It implies positions the fragment in such a way as to take advantage of nearby interaction sites. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of compound libraries?

<p>To create many compounds rapidly using combinatorial and parallel synthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of starting with a rigid structure in pharmacophore searching?

<p>It increases the likelihood that most conformations will be represented during interaction with the target. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to measure activity against a range of targets in drug development?

<p>To ensure that the compounds show selectivity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does starting with the most rigid structure in pharmacophore searching reduce the number of required synthetic products?

<p>By reducing the number of possible conformations during interaction with the target. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of using molecular modelling in pharmacophore searching?

<p>It reduces the number of required synthetic products. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor considered when ranking synthetic products based on rigidity?

<p>The number of rotatable bonds. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for rejecting associated pharmacophores during comparison in pharmacophore searching?

<p>If the second set of pharmacophores is &gt;10% different from the first set. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which approach explicitly models the electrons of each atom?

<p>Quantum Mechanics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method is best suited for molecules containing 1000's of atoms?

<p>Molecular Mechanics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which property can be predicted using ChemDraw Ultra?

<p>Theoretical elemental analysis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which representation is used to identify areas of a molecule that are electron rich or poor?

<p>Molecular electrostatic potentials (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can the best conformations with the lowest energy be found using molecular dynamics?

<p>By simulating heating to allow bond stretching and rotation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method is the most accurate but computationally intensive?

<p>Ab Initio (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method is used to compute the electrostatic interaction energy in molecular mechanics force fields?

<p>Partial charges (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the RMSD value indicate in a 2D overlay of two molecules?

<p>The best fit of the functional groups in the two molecules (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method is used to determine the potential energy of an atom in molecular dynamics?

<p>Non-bonding interactions with neighbouring molecules (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which technique is used to study molecular motion?

<p>Molecular Dynamics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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