Imperialism

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Questions and Answers

What was the primary difference between imperialistic practices of the past and those of the more recent past?

  • Past instances of imperialism focused on cultural exchange, while more recent ones were solely concerned with military dominance.
  • There is no change as both old and new imperialism focused on gaining direct political control.
  • Earlier imperialism involved smaller scale trading posts, while later imperialism sought direct control over markets and raw materials. (correct)
  • Previous imperialism focused on direct political control, while more recent imperialism prioritized economic influence.

Why did imperial powers, like Great Britain, favor indirect rule in some colonies?

  • Indirect rule was cheaper and simpler because it utilized existing local authorities for governance and resource extraction. (correct)
  • Indirect rule allowed them to impose stricter laws without local resistance.
  • Indirect rule was seen as a way to quickly establish trade relationships.
  • Indirect rule provided opportunities to train more indigenous people in Western administrative practices.

How did France's colonial administration differ from Great Britain's regarding local populations?

  • France alternated between direct and indirect rule and integrated educated subjects into its political structure, while Britain focused on Western officials. (correct)
  • France and Britain had no differences regarding local populations.
  • France strictly adhered to indirect rule, whereas Britain imposed direct rule everywhere.
  • France focused exclusively on military control, unlike Britain, which emphasized economic development.

What role did sepoys play in the context of British imperialism in India?

<p>Sepoys were Indian soldiers employed by the British East India Company to exert control over India. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of imperialism, what does the term 'annexed' mean?

<p>Incorporating a country within another country (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did figures like Rabindranath Tagore contribute to the anti-imperial movement in India?

<p>Tagore used his literary and intellectual work to foster national pride and resist British domination. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Mohandas Gandhi's primary method for challenging British rule in India?

<p>Employing nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience to advocate for Indian independence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were some actions undertaken by Muhammed Ali during his leadership in Egypt?

<p>Modernized the military, established a public school system, and initiated industrial projects. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant weakness of indirect rule as practiced by the British?

<p>It often preserved the power of old elites and suppressed the advancement of younger, talented Africans, creating social divisions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a difference between direct and indirect rule?

<p>Direct rule focused on assimilating the local population into the colonizers culture. Meanwhile, direct rule focused on working with the local leaders. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a primary motivation behind the United States' involvement in the Philippines during the age of imperialism?

<p>To prevent Japanese expansion and secure trade access to China (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Approximately how much of the world's population and landmass did the British Empire control at its peak?

<p>One-quarter of the world's population and one-quarter of the landmass (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which countries in Southeast Asia did France control?

<p>Vietnam, Cambodia, Annam, Tonkin, and Laos (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Thailand manage to remain the only independent state in Southeast Asia during the age of imperialism?

<p>By strategically playing European powers against each other and implementing modernization reforms under prominent kings (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What tactics did the Boers employ during their conflict with the British?

<p>Guerilla warfare and crop burning (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the final resolution of the conflict between the Boers and the British?

<p>A peace agreement established a new state within the British Empire with limited voting rights for non-white Africans. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did President William McKinley want to do in the Philippines?

<p>President McKinley wanted to use the Philippines to prevent Japanese expansion and secure trade access to China. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why were the talented young Africans not able to rise and gain influence within their country?

<p>The old African elite had power but wouldn’t allow talented young Africans to rise and gain influence, which caused class and ethnic tensions even after they became free. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did France do with people they educated?

<p>France would come educated subjects with political power. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did imperialism affect class and ethnic tensions in Africa?

<p>It worsened class and ethnic tensions in Africa (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Imperialism

The extension of a nation's power over other lands, often for resource control and market access.

Indirect Rule

A system where local rulers maintain authority under imperial supervision, often used to access resources economically.

Direct Rule

A system where an imperial power replaces local rulers with Western officials.

Sepoys

Indian soldiers hired by the British East India Company.

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Annexed

Incorporating a country within another country, often through force or political maneuvering.

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Muhammed Ali

Modernized Egypt's military, established public schools, created industries, and built ships.

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Rabindranath Tagore

Indian nationalist, writer, poet, and Nobel laureate who promoted Indian pride and invited great thinkers to his estate to set up an international university.

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Mohandas Gandhi

A leader of Indian independence movement advocating for nonviolent resistance.

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Boer War

A conflict in South Africa between the British and the descendants of Dutch settlers.

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Study Notes

  • Imperialism is the extension of a nation’s power over other lands.
  • Historically, this occurred on a smaller scale for trading posts.
  • Imperialism now involves direct control over both the market and raw materials.

Indirect vs. Direct Rule

  • Indirect Rule involves allowing local rulers to maintain authority and power.
  • Indirect rule makes access to natural resources easier and cheaper, because there is no mandatory training.
  • Direct Rule involves replacing local rulers with Western officials.
  • France used both systems, educating subjects and giving them political power.

Sepoys

  • The British East India Company hired Indian soldiers known as sepoys.
  • Sepoys were used to rule over the region of India and help control it.

Annexed

  • Annexed means incorporating a country within another country.
  • Britain annexed Nigeria as a protectorate.
  • France then had control over West Africa.

Rabindranath Tagore

  • Rabindranath Tagore won the Nobel Prize in 1913.
  • Tagore was a writer, poet, and nationalist.
  • Tagore invited Great Thinkers to his estate and set up an international university.
  • Tagore promoted pride as a conscious Indian in the face of British domination.

Mohandas Gandhi

  • Mohandas Gandhi was born in 1869.
  • Gandhi studied in London and became a lawyer.
  • He served Indian workers in a law firm.
  • Gandhi led nonviolent resistance movements.
  • Gandhi called for independence in India.

Muhammed Ali

  • Muhammed Ali was the leader of Egypt.
  • Ali modernized the military.
  • He set up a public school system.
  • Ali created small industries for sugar, textiles, and ammunition.
  • He also built ships.

Effects of Indirect and Direct Rule

  • A weakness of Indirect Rule was that the British made all the key decisions.
  • The old African elite had power but wouldn’t allow talented young Africans to rise and gain influence, which caused class and ethnic tensions even after they became free.
  • Direct rule aimed to assimilate African subjects into French culture.
  • Under direct rule African subjects were eligible to run for office.
  • They could potentially serve on the French assembly in Paris.
  • Other governors were appointed as well as high powered positions in the colonial administration.

Impact of US, Britain, France, & Thailand

  • President William McKinley acquired the Philippines to prevent Japanese control.
  • McKinley also sought trade access with China.
  • Any revolts were put down with force.
  • In 1922, the British Empire covered a quarter of the world.
  • The British Empire ruled over 458 million people.
  • France forced Vietnam to accept its protection.
  • Vietnam was divided into the North and South.
  • France controlled Cambodia, Annam, Tonkin, and Laos.
  • Thailand remained free in Southeast Asia because of prominent kings.

Boer Significance

  • The conflict involved detention camps, guerrilla warfare, and crop burning.
  • Peace was made with the old Cape Colony and the new Boer Republic.
  • The new state was self-governing within the British Empire.
  • Only whites and propertied Africans could vote.
  • This was to appease the Boers.

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