Imperialism to 1950's Test

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Questions and Answers

What was the primary goal of the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)?

To regulate the stock market under the SEC

To provide employment to young men on conservation projects (correct)

To build infrastructure for the Tennessee Valley

To increase crop production through subsidies

Which program was designed to improve infrastructure in the Tennessee Valley?

National Recovery Administration (NRA)

Civil Works Administration (CWA)

Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) (correct)

What was a consequence of the Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA)?

Increased crop production through subsidies

Encouraged farmers to reduce crop production (correct)

Provided housing for migrant workers

Lowered electricity costs in the Tennessee Valley

Which act allowed the government to inspect and reopen financially stable banks?

Emergency Banking Relief Act Signup and view all the answers

What role did the Works Progress Administration (WPA) play during the New Deal?

Provided jobs through large-scale public works Signup and view all the answers

What technological innovation played a key role in increasing productivity during the economic boom of the 1920s?

Assembly line Signup and view all the answers

What was a major outcome of the Glass-Steagall Act?

Regulated how banks could use customer deposits Signup and view all the answers

What was a major concern for critics regarding Article X of the Treaty of Versailles?

It would obligate the U.S. to join foreign wars. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributed to the rise in manufacturing output from 1919 to 1929?

Technological innovations Signup and view all the answers

How did the federal government's laissez-faire policy impact economic growth in the 1920s?

It provided corporate tax cuts Signup and view all the answers

Which program aimed to stabilize industry by setting fair practices and labor standards?

National Recovery Administration (NRA) Signup and view all the answers

What internal political challenge did President Wilson face after the 1918 midterm elections?

A shift to a Republican-controlled Senate. Signup and view all the answers

Who led the opposition against the Treaty of Versailles in the Senate?

Henry Cabot Lodge Signup and view all the answers

What was a major societal impact of the automobile in the 1920s?

Increased leisure travel Signup and view all the answers

What was a key function of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)?

To regulate the stock market and ensure transparency Signup and view all the answers

What were Irreconcilables known for in the context of the Treaty of Versailles?

Opposing U.S. membership in the League under any circumstances. Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of buying on credit introduced in the 1920s?

Economic instability later on Signup and view all the answers

Which industry was significantly boosted by the popularity of automobiles?

Steel industry Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant outcome of the Senate's rejection of the Treaty of Versailles?

The United States adopted policies favoring isolationism. Signup and view all the answers

What role did Herbert Hoover play during World War I?

Leader of the Food Administration Signup and view all the answers

What challenge did farmers face during the economic boom of the 1920s?

Overproduction of crops Signup and view all the answers

What was the effect of 'open shop' policies on labor unions in the 1920s?

Decreased union membership Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the main goals of the League of Nations as incorporated in the Treaty of Versailles?

To promote collective security and peace. Signup and view all the answers

Which group was primarily concerned about U.S. sovereignty in relation to the League of Nations?

The Reservationists Signup and view all the answers

What was the main objective of the Progressive movement?

To advocate for a larger governmental role in social reform Signup and view all the answers

Who were primarily involved in the Progressive movement?

Union leaders, feminists, and civil rights activists Signup and view all the answers

Which philosophy influenced the Progressive movement's approach to reform?

Pragmatism Signup and view all the answers

What role did muckrakers play in the Progressive movement?

They exposed societal issues through investigative journalism. Signup and view all the answers

Which reform aimed to ensure voter privacy and reduce electoral manipulation?

Secret Ballot Signup and view all the answers

What significant change did the 17th Amendment introduce?

It established the direct election of U.S. Senators by voters. Signup and view all the answers

Why did muckraking journalism decline after 1910?

Pressure from advertisers and corporate public relations Signup and view all the answers

What was a direct outcome of the introduction of direct primaries?

Public selection of candidates by party members Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of all income was earned by the wealthiest 5% of Americans, contributing to economic decline?

33% Signup and view all the answers

What practice contributed to financial ruin during stock market speculation?

Buying on margin Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the main causes of the weak farm economy during the Great Depression?

Agricultural overproduction combined with low prices Signup and view all the answers

What impact did government policies have on international trade during the 1920s?

They hindered international trade Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the nation's income was lost during the Great Depression?

50% Signup and view all the answers

What was President Hoover's initial response to the Great Depression?

Encouraging voluntary action among businesses Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributed to increased homelessness during the Great Depression?

Soaring unemployment rates Signup and view all the answers

How did the interconnected global economy affect the United States during the Great Depression?

It caused further fragility in the U.S. economy Signup and view all the answers

What major change in global leadership occurred during the Potsdam Conference due to Roosevelt's passing?

Clement Attlee replaced Churchill as Prime Minister. Signup and view all the answers

How did Roosevelt's death influence U.S. diplomacy in the final stages of World War II?

Truman adopted a tougher stance against Soviet expansions. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the post-war economic landscape is accurate?

The U.S. became an economic power due to its intact infrastructure. Signup and view all the answers

What was a key outcome of the founding meetings for the United Nations in 1944?

Agreements were made by the U.S., USSR, Great Britain, and China. Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the Marshall Plan initiated post-World War II?

To facilitate economic recovery in war-torn Europe. Signup and view all the answers

What significant action did the U.S. Senate take regarding its membership in the United Nations?

It approved membership swiftly. Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the consequences of the Cold War on U.S. foreign policy?

A commitment to collective security and internationalism. Signup and view all the answers

What characterized the Grand Alliance during the Potsdam Conference?

Emerging tensions over the future of Germany. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Imperialism: Debates

Seward and Alaska: William H. Seward played a key role in acquiring Alaska from Russia in 1867 for $7.2 million.
Hawaiian Islands: American settlers aided in overthrowing the Hawaiian monarchy in 1893, seeking annexation. President Grover Cleveland opposed annexation.
Economic Interests: The U.S. wanted to expand markets and secure resources like minerals and rubber.
Political and Military Power: Figures like Alfred Thayer Mahan advocated for a strong navy and overseas bases.
Social Fears: Economic instability in the 1890s led to fears of social unrest, making overseas expansion seem a solution.
Darwinism and Religion: Some expansionists saw imperialism as a moral duty to expand Western civilization.
Popular Press: Sensationalist journalism fueled public interest in imperialism.
Anti-Imperialism: Critics argued imperialism contradicted self-determination and democracy, rejecting racial theories and costs of maintaining overseas territories.
Isolationism: Opposition to foreign entanglements was common.

The Spanish-American War and Foreign Policy

Cuban Revolt: Cuban nationalists fought for independence from Spain in 1895.
Yellow Press: Exaggerated and fabricated news stirred up public support for the Cubans.
De Lôme Letter: Criticized President McKinley, damaging U.S.-Spanish relations.
Sinking of the Maine: The U.S. battleship Maine exploded in Havana Harbor, potentially sparking the war.
McKinley's War Message: President McKinley, pressured by public opinion, called for intervention.
Teller Amendment: The U.S. declared its intentions to not take control of Cuba.
Peace Treaty and U.S. Gains: The Treaty of Paris ended the war, granting Cuba independence and the U.S. acquired Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.
Philippine Situation: A Filipino nationalist, Emilio Aguinaldo, led resistance to U.S. control following the war.

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