Impaired Tissue Perfusion Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is impaired tissue perfusion?

A decrease in nutrition and respiration at the cellular level due to a decrease in capillary blood supply.

What are some factors that can result in poor perfusion? (Select all that apply)

  • Conditions such as pregnancy (correct)
  • Vascular disorders like hypertension (correct)
  • Aneurysms (correct)
  • Dieting

    • What are three things which influence tissue perfusion?

    Anticoagulants, Anesthesia, Antibiotics

    How do tissues perfuse?

    <p>Red blood cells carry nutrition and oxygen through the capillaries to the tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is hypoxia and what causes it?

    <p>Hypoxia is when the cells lack oxygen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is blood pressure?

    <p>Pressure exerted by circulating blood volume on the walls of the arteries and veins and on the chambers of the heart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is stroke volume influenced by?

    <p>Fluid coming into heart and fluid going out of heart, along with the quality of contraction of the muscle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a 'closed system'?

    <p>The cardiac system of arteries, veins, and heart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is systemic vascular resistance influenced by?

    <p>Fluid volume control, sympathetic nervous system, and local regulators.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the autonomic nervous system play in this?

    <p>The sympathetic nervous system increases heart rate and cardiac output, while the parasympathetic system decreases them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System work?

    <p>Decreased blood flow to kidneys results in increased release of renin, causing vasoconstriction and increasing blood pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the neurohormones that influence systemic vascular resistance?

    <p>Angiotensin and Norepinephrine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the local regulators that influence systemic vascular resistance?

    <p>Prostaglandins and Endothelin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some age-related changes affecting blood pressure?

    <p>Stiffer vessels, impaired function of baroreceptors, and decreased renal function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are baroreceptors?

    <p>They are sensors in the aortic arch that respond to different pressure gradients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is hypertension?

    <p>Persistent elevation of systolic blood pressure &gt;140mmHg and diastolic BP &gt;90mmHg for several readings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Impaired Tissue Perfusion Overview

    • Impaired tissue perfusion is a condition where there is insufficient blood supply, leading to decreased oxygen and nutrient delivery to cells.
    • Vital for cellular functions, inadequate perfusion can result in tissue hypoxia and organ dysfunction.

    Factors Influencing Perfusion

    • Vascular disorders contribute to poor perfusion, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, and arteriosclerosis.
    • Other conditions like pregnancy, dehydration, and malnutrition can also impair blood flow.

    Influential Elements in Tissue Perfusion

    • Anticoagulants, anesthesia, and antibiotics can have significant effects on tissue perfusion dynamics.

    Mechanisms of Tissue Perfusion

    • Red blood cells transport oxygen and nutrients to tissues through capillary networks.
    • Oxygen intake occurs in the lungs, diffusing into pulmonary capillaries and then to systemic circulation.
    • Hemoglobin facilitates gas exchange, delivering oxygen to cells and carrying carbon dioxide back to the lungs for exhalation.

    Hypoxia Definition and Causes

    • Hypoxia refers to insufficient oxygen at the cellular level, potentially caused by low hemoglobin, decreased blood flow, or impaired lung function.

    Blood Pressure Fundamentals

    • Blood pressure (BP) measures the force exerted by circulating blood on arterial walls and is influenced by cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance.

    Stroke Volume Influences

    • Stroke volume is affected by blood volume entering and leaving the heart as well as the strength of myocardial contractions.

    Closed System Explanation

    • The cardiovascular system is a closed system, meaning BP influences the arteries, veins, and heart chambers collectively.

    Systemic Vascular Resistance Factors

    • Influences include fluid volume (more fluid raises pressure), the sympathetic nervous system, and local regulators affecting vessel dilation and constriction.

    Autonomic Nervous System's Role

    • The sympathetic system increases heart rate and promotes vasoconstriction, whereas the parasympathetic system reduces heart rate and induces vasodilation, necessitating a balance for optimal function.

    Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) Function

    • A decrease in kidney blood flow triggers renin release, which promotes vasoconstriction and increases fluid retention, thus elevating blood pressure.

    RAAS Detailed Mechanism

    • Low renal blood flow leads to increased renin, enhancing angiotensin production that stimulates aldosterone and ADH, elevating blood volume and pressure.

    Neurohormonal Influences on Vascular Resistance

    • Key neurohormones like angiotensin and norepinephrine act as vasoconstrictors, affecting systemic vascular resistance.

    Local Regulators of Vascular Resistance

    • Prostaglandins function as vasodilators, while endothelin (from endothelial cells) acts as a vasoconstrictor.
    • Aging may result in stiffer vessels, impaired baroreceptor function, and decreased renal efficiency in the RAAS, contributing to hypertension.

    Baroreceptors Role

    • Located in the aortic arch, baroreceptors detect pressure changes and can lead to orthostatic hypotension when they fail to respond appropriately.

    Hypertension Definition

    • Hypertension is characterized by consistent systolic blood pressure exceeding 140 mmHg and diastolic pressure above 90 mmHg, typically confirmed through multiple readings.

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    Description

    This quiz reviews key concepts related to impaired tissue perfusion, including its definition and factors that can lead to poor perfusion. It is ideal for students studying health science or nursing. Enhance your understanding of how nutrient and oxygen delivery to cells can be affected.

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