Stress and Eating

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Questions and Answers

How does stress affect appetite according to the text?

Increases blood flow to non-essential organs

Triggers increased gastric emptying

Leads to slowed gastric emptying (correct)

Mobilizes energy stores for increased appetite

What physiological changes occur in response to stress?

Mobilization of energy stores for appetite increase

Increased blood flow to the digestive system

Elevation of blood pressure (correct)

Decrease in heart rate

How does the body respond to chronic stress according to the text?

Increasing appetite for fighting or fleeing

Mobilizing energy stores for fat storage (correct)

By shutting down the appetite

Increasing blood flow to non-essential organs

What happens to appetite during acute stress?

Appetite shuts down for fighting or fleeing Signup and view all the answers

How is exercise related to the body's response under stress?

Exercise mimics the fight or flight response in the body Signup and view all the answers

What did the study on stress-induced cortisol and eating behavior in women aim to achieve?

Distinguish stress over-eaters from under-eaters Signup and view all the answers

How does stress impact food preference according to the text?

Reduces the intake of fruits, vegetables, meat, and fish Signup and view all the answers

What role does the texture of food play in stress alleviation, as per the text?

Texture influences how food relieves stress Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between hunger and appetite?

Hunger is a physiological need to eat, while appetite is a learned response driven by sensory aspects of food. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of stressors were associated with a reduction in food intake according to the text?

Traumatic stressors Signup and view all the answers

How does the Ventromedial Hypothalamus (VMH) affect eating habits?

VMH lesions decrease hunger and body weight. Signup and view all the answers

What is described as a key factor contributing to eating behavior in social settings according to the text?

Peer pressure Signup and view all the answers

What happens when there are lesions in the Lateral Hypothalamus (LH)?

The rat never feels hungry. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Set Point Theory propose?

Lesioned rats maintain body weight at a new level after Hypothalamus lesions. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Positive Incentive Theory suggest about eating behavior?

Eating can be triggered by external stimuli even if hunger is not felt. Signup and view all the answers

What effect does stress have on food intake according to the text?

Increases caloric intake, especially calorie-dense foods Signup and view all the answers

How does high levels of dietary restraint affect eating habits during stressful periods?

Leads to overeating due to stress Signup and view all the answers

What unhealthy behaviors are people more likely to engage in during times of stress?

Smoking cigarettes and consuming more alcohol Signup and view all the answers

How is mastery over one's life correlated with daily cortisol secretion according to Vedhara et al.?

Negatively correlated Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between negative mood during stress and caloric intake?

Positively related Signup and view all the answers

Intake of meal-type foods (fruits, vegetables, meat, and fish) was increased during stressful periods.

False Signup and view all the answers

Mildly arousing stressors generally lead to increased eating and a negative mood.

False Signup and view all the answers

High cortisol reactors under stress tend to eat more unhealthy foods.

True Signup and view all the answers

Seeking comfort during crisis and loneliness is an example of situational cues for unhealthy eating behavior.

True Signup and view all the answers

Eating our emotions is part of the Cycle of Automatic Eating described in the text.

True Signup and view all the answers

Match the following cues with their description as related to unhealthy eating behavior:

Social Cues = Often eating is the primary activity in social settings Situational Cues = Seeking comfort during crisis/loneliness Negative Thoughts & Negative Feelings = The Cycle of Automatic Eating: Unpleasant situation, Automatic negative thoughts, Negative feelings, Eat our emotions Positive Incentive Theory = Suggests that behaviors are motivated by the anticipation of positive incentives Signup and view all the answers

Match the following stress levels with their effect on food intake:

Mildly arousing stressors = Increased eating not necessarily negative mood, celebrations Extreme/Traumatic Stressors = Reduce food intake High cortisol reactors under stress = Tend to eat more unhealthy foods Body on the verge of collapse = Study found stress-induced cortisol levels affect eating behavior in women Signup and view all the answers

Match the following food groups with their behavior during stressful periods:

Meal-type foods (fruits, vegetables, meat, and fish) = Decreased intake during stressful periods Unhealthy foods = Consumed more by high cortisol reactors under stress Texture of food = Plays a role in how well it alleviates stress Food preference = Varies with stress levels according to the text Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their role in eating behavior:

Ventromedial Hypothalamus (VMH) = Affects eating habits Set Point Theory = Proposes a stable weight regulated by physiological mechanisms Automatic negative thoughts = Part of the Cycle of Automatic Eating described in the text Lateral Hypothalamus (LH) lesions = Result in aphagia or adipsia Signup and view all the answers

Match the following physiological changes with their response to stress:

Chronic Stress = Body responds with high cortisol levels affecting eating habits Acute Stress = Appetite changes occur under acute stress situations Exercise = Related to body's response under stress according to the text Stress-induced cortisol = Linked to different eating behaviors in women based on cortisol reactivity Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Stress & Eating: Key Concepts

Hunger vs. Appetite
- Hunger: Physiological need to eat when energy levels are low; signals sent from an empty stomach to the brain create feelings of hunger.
- Appetite: A learned desire influenced by sensory aspects (sight, smell, taste) and external factors such as emotions, social situations, and cultural norms.
Factors Influencing Appetite
- Internal Factors: Body's physiological mechanisms, including hormones like neuropeptide Y (stimulates eating) and leptin (reduces eating).
- External Factors: Environmental variables (food availability), social pressure (cultural norms), and sensory appeal (taste and texture).
Satiety
- The feeling of fullness post-eating is driven more by internal body signals than by external stimuli.

Set Point Theory

Proposes that body weight is regulated by a biological set-point mechanism, controlled by brain nuclei.
Studies with lesioned rats illustrate:
- Lateral hypothalamus lesions lead to reduced hunger and lower body weight set point.
- Ventromedial hypothalamus lesions result in increased hunger and a higher body weight set point.

Hypothalamus and Eating Behavior

Lateral Hypothalamus (LH): Stimulates eating behavior.
Ventromedial Hypothalamus (VMH): Inhibits eating behavior.

Positive Incentive Theory

Suggests eating can be prompted by external cues, regardless of hunger.
Triggers include time of day, food smell, and visual appeal, influencing consumption patterns during specific events like holidays or social gatherings.

Stress and Its Impact on Appetite

Physiological Response: Acute or chronic stress causes changes such as:
- Slowed gastric emptying.
- Increased blood pressure and heart rate.
- Mobilization of energy stores and reduced blood flow to non-essential organs.
Acute vs. Chronic Stress:
- Acute stress typically suppresses appetite for survival.
- Chronic stress drives the body into fat storage mode, resulting in higher caloric intake over time.

Stress & Eating Disorders

Elevated stress can trigger obesity and bulimic behaviors, affecting the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which may lead to eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa.
During stress, individuals tend to consume more calories and prefer calorie-dense foods.
High dietary restraint can lead to stress-induced overeating due to denial of pleasurable foods.

Effects of Stress on Health Behaviors

Stress is linked to unhealthy behaviors:
- Increased consumption of high-fat diets.
- Reduced intake of fruits and vegetables.
- Less engagement in physical activity.
- Increased smoking and alcohol use.

Psychological Connection

Stress and negative moods correlate with higher caloric intake, as dopamine release during eating enhances pleasure, reinforcing consumption of comfort foods.
A sense of mastery and control over life has been associated with lower daily cortisol levels.

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Discover how stress influences eating habits and can lead to obesity, bulimia, and other eating disorders. Learn about the relationship between stress, caloric intake, and dietary preferences.

Stress and Eating

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Questions and Answers

How does stress affect appetite according to the text?

What physiological changes occur in response to stress?

How does the body respond to chronic stress according to the text?

What happens to appetite during acute stress?

How is exercise related to the body's response under stress?

What did the study on stress-induced cortisol and eating behavior in women aim to achieve?

How does stress impact food preference according to the text?

What role does the texture of food play in stress alleviation, as per the text?

What is the main difference between hunger and appetite?

Which type of stressors were associated with a reduction in food intake according to the text?

How does the Ventromedial Hypothalamus (VMH) affect eating habits?

What is described as a key factor contributing to eating behavior in social settings according to the text?

What happens when there are lesions in the Lateral Hypothalamus (LH)?

What does the Set Point Theory propose?

What does the Positive Incentive Theory suggest about eating behavior?

What effect does stress have on food intake according to the text?

How does high levels of dietary restraint affect eating habits during stressful periods?

What unhealthy behaviors are people more likely to engage in during times of stress?

How is mastery over one's life correlated with daily cortisol secretion according to Vedhara et al.?

What is the relationship between negative mood during stress and caloric intake?

Intake of meal-type foods (fruits, vegetables, meat, and fish) was increased during stressful periods.

Mildly arousing stressors generally lead to increased eating and a negative mood.

High cortisol reactors under stress tend to eat more unhealthy foods.

Seeking comfort during crisis and loneliness is an example of situational cues for unhealthy eating behavior.

Eating our emotions is part of the Cycle of Automatic Eating described in the text.

Match the following cues with their description as related to unhealthy eating behavior:

Match the following stress levels with their effect on food intake:

Match the following food groups with their behavior during stressful periods:

Match the following terms with their role in eating behavior:

Match the following physiological changes with their response to stress:

Study Notes

Stress & Eating: Key Concepts

Set Point Theory

Hypothalamus and Eating Behavior

Positive Incentive Theory

Stress and Its Impact on Appetite

Stress & Eating Disorders

Effects of Stress on Health Behaviors

Psychological Connection

Studying That Suits You

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