Stress and Eating
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Questions and Answers

How does stress affect appetite according to the text?

  • Increases blood flow to non-essential organs
  • Triggers increased gastric emptying
  • Leads to slowed gastric emptying (correct)
  • Mobilizes energy stores for increased appetite

    • What physiological changes occur in response to stress?

  • Mobilization of energy stores for appetite increase
  • Increased blood flow to the digestive system
  • Elevation of blood pressure (correct)
  • Decrease in heart rate

    • How does the body respond to chronic stress according to the text?

  • Increasing appetite for fighting or fleeing
  • Mobilizing energy stores for fat storage (correct)
  • By shutting down the appetite
  • Increasing blood flow to non-essential organs

    • What happens to appetite during acute stress?

    <p>Appetite shuts down for fighting or fleeing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is exercise related to the body's response under stress?

    <p>Exercise mimics the fight or flight response in the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the study on stress-induced cortisol and eating behavior in women aim to achieve?

    <p>Distinguish stress over-eaters from under-eaters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does stress impact food preference according to the text?

    <p>Reduces the intake of fruits, vegetables, meat, and fish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the texture of food play in stress alleviation, as per the text?

    <p>Texture influences how food relieves stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between hunger and appetite?

    <p>Hunger is a physiological need to eat, while appetite is a learned response driven by sensory aspects of food.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of stressors were associated with a reduction in food intake according to the text?

    <p>Traumatic stressors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Ventromedial Hypothalamus (VMH) affect eating habits?

    <p>VMH lesions decrease hunger and body weight.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is described as a key factor contributing to eating behavior in social settings according to the text?

    <p>Peer pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when there are lesions in the Lateral Hypothalamus (LH)?

    <p>The rat never feels hungry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Set Point Theory propose?

    <p>Lesioned rats maintain body weight at a new level after Hypothalamus lesions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Positive Incentive Theory suggest about eating behavior?

    <p>Eating can be triggered by external stimuli even if hunger is not felt.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does stress have on food intake according to the text?

    <p>Increases caloric intake, especially calorie-dense foods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does high levels of dietary restraint affect eating habits during stressful periods?

    <p>Leads to overeating due to stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unhealthy behaviors are people more likely to engage in during times of stress?

    <p>Smoking cigarettes and consuming more alcohol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is mastery over one's life correlated with daily cortisol secretion according to Vedhara et al.?

    <p>Negatively correlated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between negative mood during stress and caloric intake?

    <p>Positively related</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Intake of meal-type foods (fruits, vegetables, meat, and fish) was increased during stressful periods.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mildly arousing stressors generally lead to increased eating and a negative mood.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    High cortisol reactors under stress tend to eat more unhealthy foods.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Seeking comfort during crisis and loneliness is an example of situational cues for unhealthy eating behavior.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Eating our emotions is part of the Cycle of Automatic Eating described in the text.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following cues with their description as related to unhealthy eating behavior:

    <p>Social Cues = Often eating is the primary activity in social settings Situational Cues = Seeking comfort during crisis/loneliness Negative Thoughts &amp; Negative Feelings = The Cycle of Automatic Eating: Unpleasant situation, Automatic negative thoughts, Negative feelings, Eat our emotions Positive Incentive Theory = Suggests that behaviors are motivated by the anticipation of positive incentives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following stress levels with their effect on food intake:

    <p>Mildly arousing stressors = Increased eating not necessarily negative mood, celebrations Extreme/Traumatic Stressors = Reduce food intake High cortisol reactors under stress = Tend to eat more unhealthy foods Body on the verge of collapse = Study found stress-induced cortisol levels affect eating behavior in women</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following food groups with their behavior during stressful periods:

    <p>Meal-type foods (fruits, vegetables, meat, and fish) = Decreased intake during stressful periods Unhealthy foods = Consumed more by high cortisol reactors under stress Texture of food = Plays a role in how well it alleviates stress Food preference = Varies with stress levels according to the text</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their role in eating behavior:

    <p>Ventromedial Hypothalamus (VMH) = Affects eating habits Set Point Theory = Proposes a stable weight regulated by physiological mechanisms Automatic negative thoughts = Part of the Cycle of Automatic Eating described in the text Lateral Hypothalamus (LH) lesions = Result in aphagia or adipsia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following physiological changes with their response to stress:

    <p>Chronic Stress = Body responds with high cortisol levels affecting eating habits Acute Stress = Appetite changes occur under acute stress situations Exercise = Related to body's response under stress according to the text Stress-induced cortisol = Linked to different eating behaviors in women based on cortisol reactivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Stress & Eating: Key Concepts

    • Hunger vs. Appetite

      • Hunger: Physiological need to eat when energy levels are low; signals sent from an empty stomach to the brain create feelings of hunger.
      • Appetite: A learned desire influenced by sensory aspects (sight, smell, taste) and external factors such as emotions, social situations, and cultural norms.

    • Factors Influencing Appetite

      • Internal Factors: Body's physiological mechanisms, including hormones like neuropeptide Y (stimulates eating) and leptin (reduces eating).
      • External Factors: Environmental variables (food availability), social pressure (cultural norms), and sensory appeal (taste and texture).

    • Satiety

      • The feeling of fullness post-eating is driven more by internal body signals than by external stimuli.

    Set Point Theory

    • Proposes that body weight is regulated by a biological set-point mechanism, controlled by brain nuclei.
    • Studies with lesioned rats illustrate:
      • Lateral hypothalamus lesions lead to reduced hunger and lower body weight set point.
      • Ventromedial hypothalamus lesions result in increased hunger and a higher body weight set point.

    Hypothalamus and Eating Behavior

    • Lateral Hypothalamus (LH): Stimulates eating behavior.
    • Ventromedial Hypothalamus (VMH): Inhibits eating behavior.

    Positive Incentive Theory

    • Suggests eating can be prompted by external cues, regardless of hunger.
    • Triggers include time of day, food smell, and visual appeal, influencing consumption patterns during specific events like holidays or social gatherings.

    Stress and Its Impact on Appetite

    • Physiological Response: Acute or chronic stress causes changes such as:

      • Slowed gastric emptying.
      • Increased blood pressure and heart rate.
      • Mobilization of energy stores and reduced blood flow to non-essential organs.

    • Acute vs. Chronic Stress:

      • Acute stress typically suppresses appetite for survival.
      • Chronic stress drives the body into fat storage mode, resulting in higher caloric intake over time.

    Stress & Eating Disorders

    • Elevated stress can trigger obesity and bulimic behaviors, affecting the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which may lead to eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa.
    • During stress, individuals tend to consume more calories and prefer calorie-dense foods.
    • High dietary restraint can lead to stress-induced overeating due to denial of pleasurable foods.

    Effects of Stress on Health Behaviors

    • Stress is linked to unhealthy behaviors:
      • Increased consumption of high-fat diets.
      • Reduced intake of fruits and vegetables.
      • Less engagement in physical activity.
      • Increased smoking and alcohol use.

    Psychological Connection

    • Stress and negative moods correlate with higher caloric intake, as dopamine release during eating enhances pleasure, reinforcing consumption of comfort foods.
    • A sense of mastery and control over life has been associated with lower daily cortisol levels.

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    Stress & Eating PDF

    Description

    Discover how stress influences eating habits and can lead to obesity, bulimia, and other eating disorders. Learn about the relationship between stress, caloric intake, and dietary preferences.

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