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Questions and Answers
What is a reason why physically attractive people receive better job recommendations from experienced personnel consultants?
What principle does attraction obey, according to the reciprocity principle?
What is a reason why people with similar attitudes, beliefs, and values tend to like one another?
What is a consequence of people with complementary qualities interacting with one another?
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What is a determinant of attraction, according to reinforcement theories?
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What is a characteristic of friendships and romantic relationships that are more frequent?
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What are the two underlying needs that drive attraction and relationships?
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Which of the following is true about individuals with a high need for intimacy?
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What can periods of persistent solitude lead to?
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What motivates us to approach other people?
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In terms of gender differences, women generally display a greater need for which of the following?
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What are the two main components that mix in romantic relationships according to the text?
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What did Theodore Newcomb note as a key factor affecting the degree of attraction towards another person?
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Which phenomenon explains that attraction to others can increase even with frequent exposure to their photographs or names?
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What does propinquity in relationships refer to?
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According to evolutionary theory, why are physically attractive individuals sought after?
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What is the name of the phenomenon that suggests people assume attractive individuals possess positive qualities?
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What factor can reduce the cost of getting acquainted, increase exposure, and lead to liking others?
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Study Notes
Attraction and Relationships
- Physically attractive people receive better job recommendations, even when their appearance has no relation to job performance.
- They also receive more self-disclosure from others.
Reciprocity
- Attraction follows the reciprocity principle, where we like people who like us.
- When we think we are liked, we act more likable, which is a self-fulfilling prophecy.
Similarity
- People with similar attitudes, beliefs, and values tend to like each other.
- Similarity in attitudes provides validation to our own ideas.
- Friendships and romantic relationships are more frequent when people have similar demographic characteristics.
Complementarity
- People whose qualities complement each other sometimes like each other.
- However, similarity rather than complementarity usually determines attraction.
Theories of Attraction
- Reinforcement theories link attraction to rewards and punishments associated with other people.
- Having a good time is rewarding, while being uncomfortable is distasteful.
Intimacy and Affiliation
- The need for intimacy and affiliation are two positive social needs that motivate us to approach others.
- Intimacy is the need for close and affectionate relationships, involving sharing and disclosing personal information with others.
- Women generally display a greater need for intimacy than men.
- Affiliation is the need for social contact, and each person has a varying degree of this need.
Factors Influencing Attraction
- Propinquity (physical proximity) increases attraction, as being near people we like is rewarding.
- Familiarity, or mere exposure to people, can lead to attraction, even without social interaction.
- Physical attractiveness increases attraction, as people assume attractive individuals possess positive qualities.
Summary
- Intimacy, attraction, and affiliation are interconnected, and their changes over time can lead to dissolution.
- The need for intimacy and affiliation are essential to building important relationships.
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Description
Explore how physically attractive individuals tend to receive better job recommendations and more self-disclosure from others. Learn about the reciprocity attraction principle and self-fulfilling prophecies in interpersonal relationships.
