18 Questions
What is a reason why physically attractive people receive better job recommendations from experienced personnel consultants?
Their physical attractiveness has no conceivable relationship to actual job performance
What principle does attraction obey, according to the reciprocity principle?
Reciprocity principle
What is a reason why people with similar attitudes, beliefs, and values tend to like one another?
Similarity gives validation to our own ideas
What is a consequence of people with complementary qualities interacting with one another?
They tend to like one another
What is a determinant of attraction, according to reinforcement theories?
Rewards and punishments associated with other people
What is a characteristic of friendships and romantic relationships that are more frequent?
Similar demographic characteristics
What are the two underlying needs that drive attraction and relationships?
Need for affiliation and need for intimacy
Which of the following is true about individuals with a high need for intimacy?
They are warm, affectionate, and show concern for others.
What can periods of persistent solitude lead to?
A craving for the company of others.
What motivates us to approach other people?
Positive social needs like affiliation and intimacy
In terms of gender differences, women generally display a greater need for which of the following?
Intimacy
What are the two main components that mix in romantic relationships according to the text?
Passion and commitment
What did Theodore Newcomb note as a key factor affecting the degree of attraction towards another person?
Mutual reward through interactions
Which phenomenon explains that attraction to others can increase even with frequent exposure to their photographs or names?
Mere exposure effect
What does propinquity in relationships refer to?
Being in close proximity
According to evolutionary theory, why are physically attractive individuals sought after?
Due to their assumed healthiness and availability
What is the name of the phenomenon that suggests people assume attractive individuals possess positive qualities?
Physical attractiveness bias
What factor can reduce the cost of getting acquainted, increase exposure, and lead to liking others?
Physical proximity
Study Notes
Attraction and Relationships
- Physically attractive people receive better job recommendations, even when their appearance has no relation to job performance.
- They also receive more self-disclosure from others.
Reciprocity
- Attraction follows the reciprocity principle, where we like people who like us.
- When we think we are liked, we act more likable, which is a self-fulfilling prophecy.
Similarity
- People with similar attitudes, beliefs, and values tend to like each other.
- Similarity in attitudes provides validation to our own ideas.
- Friendships and romantic relationships are more frequent when people have similar demographic characteristics.
Complementarity
- People whose qualities complement each other sometimes like each other.
- However, similarity rather than complementarity usually determines attraction.
Theories of Attraction
- Reinforcement theories link attraction to rewards and punishments associated with other people.
- Having a good time is rewarding, while being uncomfortable is distasteful.
Intimacy and Affiliation
- The need for intimacy and affiliation are two positive social needs that motivate us to approach others.
- Intimacy is the need for close and affectionate relationships, involving sharing and disclosing personal information with others.
- Women generally display a greater need for intimacy than men.
- Affiliation is the need for social contact, and each person has a varying degree of this need.
Factors Influencing Attraction
- Propinquity (physical proximity) increases attraction, as being near people we like is rewarding.
- Familiarity, or mere exposure to people, can lead to attraction, even without social interaction.
- Physical attractiveness increases attraction, as people assume attractive individuals possess positive qualities.
Summary
- Intimacy, attraction, and affiliation are interconnected, and their changes over time can lead to dissolution.
- The need for intimacy and affiliation are essential to building important relationships.
Explore how physically attractive individuals tend to receive better job recommendations and more self-disclosure from others. Learn about the reciprocity attraction principle and self-fulfilling prophecies in interpersonal relationships.
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