Lernen mit Immersive Virtual Reality - Basic
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Questions and Answers

What type of lesson did students view in Experiment 1?

PowerPoint slideshow

What did students do after viewing a segmented VR lesson in Experiment 2?

Produced a written summary after each segment

What did students in Experiment 2 who summarized the lesson after each segment report?

No difference in interest, engagement, and motivation compared to the continuous VR lesson group

What theory do the results support regarding multimedia learning in VR environments?

<p>Cognitive theory of multimedia learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the educational implication of the findings from Experiment 1?

<p>Conversion of multimedia lessons into virtual reality may not yet be warranted</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of VR lesson may lead to worse learning outcomes according to the text?

<p>An immersive VR lesson</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why was instruction with desktop VR in 2D found to be more effective than in 3D?

<p>Perceptual realism in the 3D environment created more extraneous cognitive load</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what type of educational games are cartoonlike characters found to be more effective than photo-realistic representations?

<p>Cartoonlike characters are more effective</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is the segmenting principle beneficial for learning?

<p>When learning the steps in a process</p> Signup and view all the answers

For which subjects may 3D VR be more effective, as mentioned in the text?

<p>Subjects that teach spatial or motor skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Richard Clark, what analogy did he use to explain the role of media in learning tasks?

<p>Media are mere vehicles that deliver instruction but do not influence student achievement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Clark argue about the relationship between media and learning in terms of achieving learning goals?

<p>Many different media can accomplish the same learning goal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Robert Kozma, what was the key question concerning media and learning?

<p>What is the relationship between media and learning, and how can we explain that relationship?</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Kozma suggest about certain media in relation to their suitability for learning tasks?

<p>Certain media may possess particular characteristics that make them more or less suitable for learning tasks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Salomon suggest media should be analyzed in relation to learning tasks?

<p>By the types of their cognitively relevant characteristics that affect the ways in which learners represent and process information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the title of the article by E. & Chandler (2001) that investigates the impact of simple user interaction on multimedia messages?

<p>When learning is just a click away</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which journal was the article by Mayer, R.E., Dow, G.T., & Mayer, S. (2003) published that discusses multimedia learning in an interactive self-explaining environment?

<p>Journal of Educational Psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some of the principles mentioned by Mayer & Fiorella (2014) for reducing extraneous processing in multimedia learning?

<p>Coherence, signaling, redundancy, spatial contiguity, and temporal contiguity principles</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Mayer, Griffith, Naftaly, & Rothman (2008), what effect does increased interestingness of extraneous details have on learning?

<p>Decreased learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Mayer, Hegarty, Mayer, & Campbell (2005) compare in multimedia instruction to determine the promotion of active learning?

<p>Annotated illustrations versus narrated animations</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the title of the book by R.E. Mayer that discusses teaching by priming students' motivation to learn?

<p>Learning and instruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where can the article 'When less is more: Meaningful learning from visual and verbal summaries of science textbook lessons' be found?

<p>Journal of Educational Psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which city was the book 'Computer games for learning: An evidence-based approach' published?

<p>Cambridge, MA</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the title of the book by R.E. Mayer that discusses a cognitive theory of multimedia learning?

<p>The Cambridge handbook of multimedia learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is R.E. Mayer's article 'Principles based on social cues in multimedia learning: Personalization, voice, image, and embodiment principles' a part of?

<p>The Cambridge handbook of multimedia learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the research study mentioned in the text?

<p>To determine the efficacy of VR as a venue for science learning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are two examples of immersive virtual reality consoles mentioned in the text?

<p>Oculus Rift and HTC Vive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who are the authors of the article mentioned in the text?

<p>Jocelyn Parong and Richard E. Mayer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of lesson did students view in Experiment 1?

<p>A segmented VR lesson.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the title of the book by R.E. Mayer that discusses a cognitive theory of multimedia learning?

<p>Multimedia Learning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes between immersive virtual reality (immersive VR) and nonimmersive virtual reality?

<p>The use of a head mounted display (HMD) controlled by a computer for immersive VR, while nonimmersive VR is displayed on a computer screen with interaction through interfaces like a mouse or touchscreen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why may educational games and simulations in immersive VR hinder learning compared with traditional methods, according to the text?

<p>Because they may not necessarily adhere to all the principles of multimedia learning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of VR lesson may lead to worse learning outcomes, as mentioned in the text?

<p>Educational games and simulations in immersive VR.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What creates a need to determine how immersive VR affects academic learning, according to Blascovich & Bailenson (2011)?

<p>The growing availability of immersive VR technology for education.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What theory do the results support regarding multimedia learning in VR environments?

<p>The theory of multimedia learning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the significant findings regarding the use of VR in education from the study by Kozhevnikov, Gurlitt, and Kozhevnikov (2013)?

<p>Both groups showed a significant shift in scientific understanding of relative motion and improvement on problem-solving tests. The IVE group performed significantly better on two-dimensional relative motion problems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some limitations mentioned in the study?

<p>Limitations include involvement of one short lesson, lack of generalizability to other content domains, and the need for further research on multimedia learning design.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the key outcomes of the study on military participants learning about basic corrosion prevention and control in VR environments by Webster (2016)?

<p>Participants in the immersive VR environment had significantly higher gains in learning compared to those in desktop learning environments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the review suggest is needed in future research on the effects of immersive VR in education, according to the text?

<p>More methodologically sound research is needed, especially in specific academic domains like science.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the present study aim to control for in terms of lesson content?

<p>The study aimed to ensure that both lessons contained the same words (spoken vs. printed) and the same graphics (dynamic vs. static).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of future work according to the study?

<p>Future work should involve other types of material, authentic learning contexts, and delayed tests to further examine the effectiveness of immersive VR for teaching scientific material.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the study by Kozhevnikov, Gurlitt, and Kozhevnikov (2013) compare the learning outcomes of participants in IVE and DVE environments?

<p>Both groups showed a significant improvement in scientific understanding and problem-solving tests, but the IVE group performed significantly better on two-dimensional relative motion problems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main difference in learning gains observed in the study by Webster (2016) between participants in VR environments and those in desktop learning environments?

<p>Participants in the VR environment had significantly higher gains in learning compared to those in desktop learning environments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the study suggest for future research regarding multimedia learning design?

<p>The study recommends investigating whether applying the principles of multimedia learning design would benefit learners in immersive VR environments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does the study propose the need for further research on generalizability to other content domains?

<p>Further research is necessary to determine whether the results of the study are specific to certain domains or lessons, and to explore their applicability to other technologies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the title of the article by Richard Clark that discusses the influence of media on learning?

<p>The influence of media on learning: The debate continues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What journal published the article by Lee and Wong (2014) that explored learning with desktop virtual reality?

<p>Computers &amp; Education</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Mayer, Griffith, Naftaly, & Rothman (2008), what effect does increased interestingness of extraneous details have on learning?

<p>Decreases learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which city was the book 'Computer games for learning: An evidence-based approach' published?

<p>Washington, DC</p> Signup and view all the answers

What theory do the results support regarding multimedia learning in VR environments?

<p>Optimizing cognitive load</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of materials were included in the paper-based materials for the lesson?

<p>prequestionnaire, postquestionnaire, and posttest</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long did participants take, on average, to complete the PowerPoint slideshow?

<p>7 minutes and 44 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

What demographic information was solicited in the prequestionnaire?

<p>age, gender, year in school, science classes completed in high school and college, rating of knowledge of human body, and science-related statements</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the prequestionnaire ask participants to rate on a 5-point scale?

<p>their knowledge of the human body</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of VR lesson was presented in Experiment 1?

<p>segmented VR lesson</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the research study described?

<p>to compare different instructional formats in teaching human body concepts</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does research on seductive details suggest about adding interesting but irrelevant material to a multimedia lesson?

<p>It may hurt learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of study is the first experiment mentioned in the text?

<p>Media comparison study</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why was science chosen as the domain of interest in the present study?

<p>Because many science topics are spatially oriented</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the science domain, what evidence suggests better learning outcomes compared to standard lessons?

<p>Playing a computer game or simulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the text suggest about the importance of examining whether an immersive environment is crucial for learning spatially relevant information?

<p>It may be important to examine</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential replacement for conventional media like slideshow presentations mentioned in the text?

<p>Immersive VR</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the key findings of the study by Kozhevnikov, Gurlitt, and Kozhevnikov (2013) in terms of learning outcomes between IVE and DVE environments?

<p>Significant improvement in understanding of relative motion and better performance in solving two-dimensional relative motion problems in IVE compared to DVE</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the study by Webster (2016) on military participants, what were the differences observed in learning gains between immersive VR and desktop learning environments?

<p>Those in the VR environment had significantly higher gains in learning compared to those in desktop learning environments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of lesson did military participants in the study by Webster (2016) receive regarding basic corrosion prevention and control?

<p>Basic corrosion prevention and control</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the review of immersive VR in education suggest is needed for future research?

<p>More methodologically sound research on the effects of immersive VR in education, especially in specific academic domains like science.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the study by Kozhevnikov, Gurlitt, and Kozhevnikov (2013) find about the transfer of learning from using VR compared to a computer?

<p>Further transfer of learning from using VR compared to a computer</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why were military participants in the study by Webster (2016) found to have significantly higher gains in learning in the VR environment compared to the desktop learning environment?

<p>Higher gains in learning were observed in the VR environment due to immersive VR's effectiveness in promoting learning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of lesson did participants in the VR group view in Experiment 1?

<p>Immersive VR lesson</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary difference in learning conditions between the VR group and the VR+ group in Experiment 2?

<p>Participants in the VR+ group summarized the lesson after each segment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the age range of the participants in Experiment 2?

<p>18-22</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many participants were assigned to the VR+ group in Experiment 2?

<p>28</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did participants in the VR+ group do after viewing each segment of the lesson in Experiment 2?

<p>Summarize the segment on paper</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the postlesson questionnaire in Experiment 2?

<p>To assess distraction and feeling of being overwhelmed</p> Signup and view all the answers

What statistical analysis was used to compare the mean ratings of the VR and VR+ groups in Table 4?

<p>t tests</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the conclusion drawn about the effect of adding summary prompts to a VR lesson on students' ratings towards the lesson?

<p>Adding summary prompts did not diminish positive ratings</p> Signup and view all the answers

What learning strategy resulted in better outcomes for students in a VR simulation?

<p>Summarizing</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the secondary value-added issue discussed regarding the addition of summarization prompts to a VR lesson?

<p>Effect on students' ratings towards the lesson</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Table 4, which items did the VR group and VR+ group not significantly differ in terms of ratings after the lesson?

<p>Interest, motivation, engagement, affective states</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Experiment 1, what was the main difference observed in test performance between the VR group and the VR+ group?

<p>VR+ group achieved similar test performance to the slideshow group</p> Signup and view all the answers

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