Immunology Unit 1 Quiz

The innate immune system is the body's first line of defense, fast and non-specific, while the adaptive immune system is slower, but highly specific and provides long-lasting protection.

Found on all T cells, it's essential for T cell signaling.

Found on helper T cells, crucial for coordinating the immune response.

Found on cytotoxic T cells, which directly kill infected cells.

Found on macrophages and monocytes (WBC's involved in innate), enabling pattern recognition and response.

A molecule that triggers an immune response.

Specific region on an antigen recognized by an antibody or T cell receptor.

Receptors on immune cells that detect pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs).

Recognizes antigen in its native form, can bind to various macromolecules (protein, carbohydrates, lipids).

Recognizes antigen presented by MHC molecules, primarily proteins.

Short-term inflammation response, marked by neutrophils.

Long-term inflammatory response, characterized by lymphocytes and macrophages.

Process of immune cells leaving the blood vessels and entering the tissue.

Drugs that reduce inflammation by suppressing immune responses.

IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE, and IgD – each with distinct functions in immune responses.

Bone marrow and thymus – sites where lymphocytes develop and mature.

Spleen, lymph nodes, etc. – sites where immune responses occur.

A severe combined immunodeficiency caused by a defective gene on the X chromosome, leading to impaired maturation of B and T cells, severely impacting adaptive immunity.

A deficiency in the RAG genes, preventing the recombination of DNA segments in developing lymphocytes, leading to a lack of effective T and B cell function

X-linked agammaglobulinemia: A B-cell deficiency preventing the production of antibodies

A B cell deficiency preventing the class switching of antibodies.

A T cell deficiency resulting from a developmental defect in the thymus, impairing T cell development

An immunodeficiency affecting both B and T cells, including defects in cellular immune response

HIV infects and destroys CD4+ T cells, weakening the immune system and leading to AIDS

Various classes of HIV drugs target different stages of the viral life cycle, preventing replication.

The immune system can recognize and attack abnormal cells, tumors.

Tumor cells can disrupt immune responses avoiding recognition and destruction.

Various therapies target tumor cells, including antibodies such as anti-Her2, anti-PD-1, and anti-CTLA4.

Tissue transplant from one part of the patient's body to another.

Tissue transplant between genetically identical individuals (e.g., identical twins).

Tissue transplant between individuals of the same species, but not genetically identical.

Tissue transplant between different species.

Rapid rejection of a transplant due to pre-existing antibodies against donor antigens.

Rejection occurring within weeks of transplant due to the immune response.

Prolonged and slow rejection characterized by inflammation and fibrosis.

Graft versus host disease. Immune cells from the graft attack the recipient's tissues.

Drugs that suppress the activity of T-cells to prevent rejection in transplant.

Impaired CD4+ and CD8+ T cell immunity impacts the body's ability to control CMV infections

CMV employs various mechanisms to avoid detection and killing by the innate and adaptive immune system.

Innate immunity is the body's first line of defense; fast, non-specific, and includes physical barriers. Adaptive immunity is slower, highly specific, provides long-lasting protection, and involves lymphocytes.

Found on all T cells; essential for T cell signaling and activation.

Found on helper T cells; crucial for coordinating the immune response.

Found on cytotoxic T cells; directly kill infected cells.

Found on macrophages and monocytes; enables pattern recognition and response.

A molecule that triggers an immune response.

Specific region on an antigen recognized by an antibody or T cell receptor.

Short-term, marked by neutrophils.

Long-term, characterized by lymphocytes and macrophages.

Process of immune cells leaving blood vessels and entering tissues.

Severe combined immunodeficiency caused by defective gene on X chromosome, leading to impaired B and T cell maturation.

Deficiency in RAG genes preventing DNA recombination in developing lymphocytes. Results in impaired T and B cell function

X-linked agammaglobulinemia, a B cell deficiency halting antibody production.

B cell deficiency preventing antibody class switching.

A T cell deficiency caused by developmental defects in the thymus, affecting T cell development

Immunodeficiency affecting B and T cells, impacting the cellular immune response.

HIV infects and destroys CD4+ T cells, weakening the immune system.

Various drug classes target different stages of the HIV life cycle to prevent viral replication.

Immune system's ability to detect and attack abnormal cells, including tumors.

Tumor cells' ways of avoiding immune detection and destruction.

Various therapies targeting tumor cells, including antibodies like anti-Her2.

Tissue transplant from one part of the patient's body to another.

Tissue transplant between genetically identical individuals.

Tissue transplant between individuals of the same species, but not genetically identical.

Tissue transplant between different species.

Rapid transplant rejection due to pre-existing recipient antibodies against donor antigens.

Rejection occurring within weeks of transplant due to immune response.

Prolonged and slow transplant rejection with inflammation and fibrosis.

Graft-versus-host disease; immune cells from the graft attack the recipient's tissues

Drugs that suppress T-cell activity to prevent transplant rejection.

Impaired CD4+ and CD8+ T cell immunity weakens the body's ability to control CMV infections.

CMV uses multiple mechanisms to avoid detection and elimination by the innate and adaptive immune system.

Innate immunity is the body's first line of defense, non-specific and fast; adaptive immunity is slower, highly specific, & provides long-lasting protection.

Found on all T cells; crucial for T cell signaling.

Found on helper T cells, required for coordinating immune response.

Found on cytotoxic T cells, directly kill infected cells.

Found on macrophages & monocytes; aids in pathogen recognition.

Molecule triggering an immune response.

Specific part of an Antigen recognized by antibodies or T cells.

Receptors on immune cells that detect pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs).

Recognizes antigen in its native form, binds to various macromolecules (protein, carbohydrate, etc).

Recognizes antigen presented by MHC molecules, primarily proteins.

Short-term inflammatory response, marked by neutrophils.

Long-term inflammatory response, characterized by lymphocytes and macrophages.

Process of immune cells leaving blood vessels and entering tissues.

Drugs that suppress immune responses to reduce inflammation.

IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE, and IgD; each with specific functions in immune response.

Bone marrow and thymus, where lymphocytes develop and mature.

Spleen, lymph nodes, etc.; sites of immune responses.

Classical, Alternative, and Lectins are pathways that trigger complement response

Severe combined immunodeficiency due to a defective gene on the X chromosome, impairing B and T cell maturation.

Defective RAG genes prevent DNA recombination in developing lymphocytes, leading to low T and B cell function.

X-linked agammaglobulinemia; a B cell disorder preventing antibody production.

B cell disorder hindering antibody class switching (e.g., from IgM to IgG).

T cell deficiency caused by thymus developmental defect, affecting T cell maturation.

Immunodeficiency impacting both B and T cells, including cellular immune aspects.

HIV infects and destroys CD4+ T cells, weakening the immune response.

HIV drugs target different stages of the viral life cycle to prevent replication.

Immune system identifying and attacking abnormal cells (tumors).

Cancer cells avoiding detection and destruction by the immune system.

Various treatments targeting tumor cells, including antibodies that target specific cell-surface proteins.

Tissue transplant from one body part to another in the same individual.

Tissue transplant between genetically identical individuals.

Tissue transplant between individuals of the same species but not genetically identical.

Tissue transplant between individuals of different species.

Rapid rejection due to pre-existing recipient antibodies against donor tissue.

Rejection within weeks of transplant, due to an immune response.

Prolonged rejection with inflammation and fibrosis.

Graft-versus-host disease: immune cells from the graft attack recipient tissues.

Drugs to suppress T-cell activity to prevent transplant rejection.

Impaired CD4 and CD8 T cell immunity affects how well the body controls CMV.

CMV uses tactics to avoid detection and destruction by the immune system.