Immunology Unit 1 Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following describes the primary functions of MHC molecules?

  • Producing cytokines
  • Presenting antigens to T cells (correct)
  • Regulating cellular metabolism
  • Transporting antibodies across mucosal surfaces

    • What distinguishes acute inflammation from chronic inflammation?

  • Type of pathogens involved
  • Duration of inflammation
  • Predominant cell type responses (correct)
  • Location of the inflammation

    • Which type of cell is responsible for producing IgA across mucosal surfaces?

  • Memory B cells
  • Cytotoxic T cells
  • Plasma cells (correct)
  • Regulatory T cells

    • What is the role of selectins during the process of extravasation?

    <p>Adhesion of leukocytes to the endothelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the process of class-switching in B cells?

    <p>Altering the constant region of the antibody</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cytokine is primarily involved in the activation of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells?

    <p>IL-2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the characteristics of live attenuated vaccines compared to inactivated vaccines?

    <p>They contain intact microorganisms that are weakened</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do antimicrobial antibodies function to neutralize pathogens?

    <p>By binding to pathogens and blocking their function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hypersensitivity is primarily mediated by IgE antibodies?

    <p>Type I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary immune component affected in X-linked SCID?

    <p>T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the RAG deficiency affect immune system function?

    <p>It results in the inability to produce T and B cell receptors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antibody therapy specifically targets tumor cells expressing the Her2 protein?

    <p>Anti-Her2 antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of hyperacute transplant rejection?

    <p>Results from pre-existing antibodies against donor tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In HIV infection, what is the primary target of the virus?

    <p>CD4 T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main mechanism by which anti-PD-1 antibodies work?

    <p>They enhance T cell activity by inhibiting inhibitory signals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of graft is least immunogenic between genetically identical individuals?

    <p>Isograft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of immune response is primarily affected by defects in CD8 T cell immunity during human CMV infections?

    <p>Cell-mediated immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common mechanism by which human CMV evades adaptive immune responses?

    <p>Inhibiting MHC class I presentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs primarily inhibits reverse transcriptase in HIV treatment?

    <p>NRTIs (Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of RAG proteins in the immune system?

    <p>Enabling V(D)J recombination of lymphocyte receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tumor therapy specifically blocks the interaction between PD-1 and its ligands?

    <p>Anti-PD-1 therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanism is primarily responsible for hyperacute transplant rejection?

    <p>Preformed anti-donor antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of graft is considered the least immunogenic?

    <p>Autograft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do tumor cells typically evade the immune response?

    <p>Secreting immunosuppressive cytokines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common feature of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome?

    <p>Platelet abnormalities and immunodeficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do anti-CTLA4 antibodies target in the immune system?

    <p>T cell activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary outcome of HIV infecting T cells?

    <p>Destruction of CD4+ T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of transplant rejection is characterized by chronic inflammation and fibrosis?

    <p>Chronic rejection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method do human cytomegalovirus (CMV) use to evade immune responses?

    <p>Inhibition of antigen presentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in the immune system?

    <p>Detect and respond to pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immunoglobulin class is primarily involved in mucosal immunity?

    <p>IgA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing feature of acute inflammation compared to chronic inflammation?

    <p>Short duration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of antigens can T cell receptors recognize?

    <p>Processed peptides presented by MHC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cytokine is responsible for stimulating the class-switching of B cells to produce IgE?

    <p>IL-4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do CD4+ helper T cells play in the immune response?

    <p>Assisting in the activation of other immune cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action of antihistamines in Type I hypersensitivities?

    <p>Block histamine receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immune components are primarily involved in the detection of intracellular pathogens?

    <p>CD8+ T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during somatic recombination in B cells?

    <p>Recombination of constant and variable gene segments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are vaccines classified based on their composition and immunity mechanism?

    <p>Live attenuated, inactivated, and subunit vaccines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in immune function?

    <p>To identify pathogen-associated molecular patterns and initiate responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cytokine is involved in promoting the activation of B cells during their activation?

    <p>IL-6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the process of antigen processing in Class II MHC?

    <p>It requires the use of lysosomes and invariant chain for antigen presentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes active immunization from passive immunization?

    <p>Active immunization leads to long-term immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following immune components primarily mediates Type II hypersensitivity reactions?

    <p>IgG and IgM antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of RAG proteins in B cell maturation?

    <p>They are responsible for somatic recombination of immunoglobulin genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the mechanism of action of corticosteroids relate to inflammation?

    <p>They suppress the recruitment of leukocytes to the site of inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of vaccine is designed to elicit an immune response without using live pathogens?

    <p>Inactivated vaccines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of tolerance in the immune system, what is the primary role of Treg cells?

    <p>To maintain self-tolerance and prevent autoimmunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the complement system in immunity?

    <p>To enhance phagocytosis and lyse pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary immune component deficient in X-linked SCID?

    <p>IL-2 receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does HIV primarily infect T cells?

    <p>By targeting the CD4 molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism underlies the action of anti-PD-1 antibodies in cancer therapy?

    <p>Inhibiting T cell exhaustion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines hyperacute transplant rejection?

    <p>Pre-existing antibodies against graft antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of RAG proteins in the immune system?

    <p>Enabling somatic recombination of immunoglobulin genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key mechanism by which tumor cells evade the immune system?

    <p>Overexpression of inhibitory ligands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes autografts from allografts in terms of immunogenicity?

    <p>Autografts are fully non-immunogenic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of transplant rejection is characterized by immune responses against non-matching tissue over time?

    <p>Chronic rejection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is primarily targeted by anti-CTLA4 antibodies in tumor immunotherapy?

    <p>Regulatory T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common way CMV evades the immune system's adaptive response?

    <p>By disrupting antigen processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Unit 1 Material

    • Compare and contrast innate and adaptive immune systems
    • Identify white blood cells (WBCs) expressing CD markers (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD14, CD19, CD20, CD56)
    • Understand the functions of discussed WBCs
    • Know the functions of primary and secondary lymphatic tissues
    • Define antigen (monovalent, multivalent, polyvalent), epitope, and hapten
    • Understand pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), the cells expressing them, and their role in immune function
    • Understand antigen receptors on B and T cells, and the types of antigens they bind (e.g., proteins, carbohydrates)
    • Differentiate between acute and chronic inflammation, focusing on predominant cell types
    • Describe extravasation, including the roles of selectins and integrins
    • Describe how corticosteroids and NSAIDs reduce inflammation
    • Know the structure and functions of the 5 immunoglobulin classes
    • Explain B cell maturation, including RAG function, somatic recombination, and selection events
    • Identify B cell activation signals and describe major events during activation
    • Describe class-switching and affinity maturation in B cells, and the cytokines involved (IgA and IgE)

    Unit 2 Material

    • Describe complement pathway activation (initiation)
    • Understand the three main functions of complement and which proteins participate in each
    • Understand the function of MHC molecules and which cells express each class
    • Describe antigen processing and presentation in MHC Class I and Class II, including which MHC class presents to which T cell subset
    • Compare and contrast antigen processing pathways (proteasomes, TAP, lysosomes)
    • Identify T cell activation signals and major events during activation
    • Explain how CD4+ helper T cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells bind target cells
    • Describe NK cell function
    • Describe innate (immediate, induced), and adaptive immunity to pathogens
    • Know the functions of cytokines: IFN-α, TNF, IL-6, IL-1β, and CXCL8 (IL-8)
    • Compare and contrast immune responses to intracellular vs extracellular pathogens (bacteria vs viruses)
    • Know the functions of specialized epithelial cells in the intestines (Goblet, Paneth, M cells)
    • Explain how IgA is transported across the mucosa and locations in the body

    Unit 3 Material

    • Know vaccine classifications (live attenuated, inactivated, subunit, mRNA) and their benefits/risks
    • Understand correlates of protection for vaccines
    • Understand active vs. passive immunization
    • Explain antibody classifications (murine, chimeric, humanized)
    • Know antibody mechanism of action as drugs and why they are effective
    • Understand antibody titer determination
    • Explain direct and indirect immunoassays
    • Describe hypersensitivity mechanisms and immune components involved for each type (Type I-IV)
    • Know mechanism of action of drugs for Type I hypersensitivity (antihistamines, epinephrine, anti-IgE, anti-IL-4, etc.)
    • Know how to detect hypersensitivities (Type I-IV)

    Unit 4 Material

    • Understand mechanisms of tolerance (central vs peripheral), including Treg cells' function
    • Compare and contrast five mechanisms that break tolerance
    • Know autoimmune diseases (name, antigen, mechanism, clinical signs)
    • Correlate autoantibodies to specific diseases
    • Know B and T cell deficiencies (X-linked SCID, RAG deficiency, XLA, Hyper-IgM syndrome, DiGeorge, and Wiskott-Aldrich syndromes), what component is defective, and impact on immune function
    • Understand how HIV infects T cells and outcomes
    • Know the mechanism of action of various HIV drugs
    • Explain tumor immune response and how tumors evade it
    • Know types of tumor therapies (anti-Her2, anti-PD-1, anti-CTLA4)
    • Describe differences between transplantation types (autograft, isograft, allograft, xenograft)
    • Understand transplant rejection events (hyperacute, acute, chronic, GvHD)
    • Know mechanisms of action of T cell immunosuppressants for transplant
    • Describe how CD4 and CD8 T cell defects can affect CMV infection
    • List mechanisms for human CMV to evade innate and adaptive immunity

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    MICRG 1553 Immunology Cumulative Re-Examination Study Guide 2024 PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the innate and adaptive immune systems in this Unit 1 quiz. Explore concepts such as white blood cell functions, antigen definitions, and the roles of lymphatic tissues. Understand inflammation types and the impact of medications like corticosteroids and NSAIDs.

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