Neutrophils: Cells of Acute Infection Quiz

What is the process triggered by the allergen combining with receptor-bound IgE molecules?

Rapid exocytosis of cytoplasmic granules

What are the potential effects of the release of inflammatory mediators due to allergen exposure?

Bronchial asthma, cutaneous hives, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, or allergic gastroenteritis

What potentially lethal condition can be caused by rapid degranulation of basophils and mast cells?

Anaphylaxis or anaphylactic shock

What cell type is characterized by a single non-lobulated nucleus and small granules in the cytoplasm?

Agranulocytes Signup and view all the answers

Which leukocyte type has a frosted glass appearance in its bluish cytoplasm?

Monocytes Signup and view all the answers

What are monocytes the precursor cells of?

Macrophages, osteoclasts, microglia, and other cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system Signup and view all the answers

Which leukocytes make up 2-10% of leukocytes in peripheral blood and have a large C-shaped nucleus?

Monocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which lymphocytes are formed?

Lymphopoiesis Signup and view all the answers

Which leukocyte type makes up 20-25% of the differential white cell count and has a round nucleus?

Lymphocytes Signup and view all the answers

What type of immunity involves neutrophils and monocytes engulfing microorganisms in a non-specific manner?

Innate immunity Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic that distinguishes granulocytes from agranulocytes?

Presence of visible granules in the cytoplasm Signup and view all the answers

Which leukocyte type has a small, round nucleus that occupies most of the cell volume?

Lymphocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of neutrophils in the body?

To reach the site of inflammation and kill bacteria. Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific function of eosinophils?

Eosinophils help in ending allergic reactions and fighting parasitic infections. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of basophils?

Basophils mediate inflammation in allergic reactions and parasitic infections. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of glucocorticoids in relation to neutrophils?

Glucocorticoids increase the mitotic activity of neutrophil precursors in the bone marrow, leading to an increase in blood count of neutrophils. Signup and view all the answers

What is the appearance of the nuclei of eosinophils?

Bi-lobed nuclei connected by a short 'thread' of nuclear material. Signup and view all the answers

What is the most abundant type of granules found in neutrophils?

Specific granules (secondary). Signup and view all the answers

How do neutrophils contribute to acute inflammation?

Neutrophils are the cells of acute inflammation that help clean up debris in poorly oxygenated regions. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of azurophilic granules in neutrophils?

Azurophilic granules contain myeloperoxidase and acid hydrolase for bactericidal functions. Signup and view all the answers

What causes eosinophils to undergo chemotaxis during allergic reactions?

Histamine and eosinophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis (ECF-A) released from basophils and mast cells. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of mast cells in allergic reactions?

Mast cells play a role in allergic reactions by releasing histamine and other mediators of inflammation. Signup and view all the answers

How do glucocorticoids affect neutrophil production in the bone marrow?

Glucocorticoids increase the mitotic activity of neutrophil precursors, leading to an increase in the blood count of neutrophils. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of neutrophil chemotactic factors (chemotaxins)?

They are the first released to guide neutrophils to the site of inflammation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature that distinguishes granulocytes from agranulocytes?

Presence or absence of specific granules in the cytoplasm Signup and view all the answers

Why are neutrophils called neutrophils?

Because their cytoplasm takes up red (acidic) and blue (basic) stains equally Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of neutrophils in the immune system?

Specialized for responding to bacterial invasions and acute infections Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical lifespan of neutrophils in blood and connective tissues?

Half-life of 6-8 hours in blood, lifespan of 1-4 days in connective tissues Signup and view all the answers