(4.1) IMMUNOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES

Virtual office hours will be held Tuesday from 4:00 PM to 5:00 PM.

In-person office hours will be held Thursday from 4:00 PM to 5:00 PM in 3 16 j.

Module 4 will cover immunological techniques, vaccines, primary and secondary immunodeficiencies.

Wednesday's lecture will be on vaccines.

The final exam for the course is scheduled for Friday.

The Monday lecture will be an asynchronous documentary review.

A review paper is required based on the documentary.

Module 4 also covers deficiencies of the immune system.

Friday the 15th is an asynchronous research day for all BMS classes.

Students can earn an extra bonus point, but only once.

An opportunity to learn about ongoing research, meet faculty and fellow medical students, and have snacks and coffee.

The process of replacing diseased or damaged organs with healthy ones.

The use of drugs to modify the immune response, for treating diseases like cancer.

An excessive immune response to an antigen, often causing harm to the body.

A break in classes to coincide with Thanksgiving holidays with a recorded lecture choice.

Conditions where the immune system attacks the body's own cells.

Interactive exercises concerning diseases, to aid in the understanding of clinical presentation and immune system roles.

A summary session of the semester's learnings and synthesis of information.

An immunodeficiency where a protein that helps immune cells communicate malfunctions.

Measures used to assess diagnostic tests.

Calculations used to evaluate the accuracy of a diagnostic test.

A positive test result that accurately identifies a person with the condition.

A negative test result that accurately identifies a person without the condition.

The binding of an antibody to an antigen, forming an antigen-antibody complex.

The strength of the interaction between a single antibody binding site and a single antigen binding site.

The process where soluble antigen reacts with soluble antibody, forming insoluble complexes that precipitate out of the solution.

A graph showing the amount of precipitate formed based on different concentrations of antigen and antibody.

The zone on a precipitin curve where equal amounts of antigen and antibody are present, leading to the maximum amount of precipitation.

The zone on a precipitin curve where there is too much antigen compared to antibody, resulting in little or no precipitation.

The zone on a precipitin curve where there is too much antibody compared to antigen, resulting in little or no precipitation.

Tests that determine if something is present or absent, but don't provide numerical measurements.

Tests that measure the amount of something present.

The probability a test will be positive in a person with the condition.

The probability a test will be negative in a person without the condition.

A test result that correctly identifies the presence of a condition.

A test result that correctly identifies the absence of a condition.

A test result that incorrectly identifies the presence of a condition.

A test result that incorrectly identifies the absence of a condition.

Number of antibody binding sites on an antibody molecule.

The overall strength of an antibody-antigen interaction, considering the number of binding sites.

A phase in a test where the result appears negative initially due to excess antibody.

Probability a test is positive in a person with the condition.

Probability a test is negative in a person without the condition.

Strength of a single antibody-antigen interaction.

Formation of insoluble complexes from soluble antigen-antibody.

Graph of precipitate amount vs. antigen/antibody concentration.

Optimal antigen-antibody ratio for maximum precipitation.

Determines presence/absence, not amount.

Measures the amount of something.

The probability a test will be positive in a person who has the condition.

The probability a test will be negative in a person who does not have the condition.

A positive test result in a person who actually has the condition.

A negative test result in a person who does not have the condition.

A positive test result in a person who does not have the condition.

A negative test result in a person who actually has the condition.

A table used to determine sensitivity and specificity of a diagnostic test.

A method of epitope detection using antibodies to clump particulate antigens, like bacteria or red blood cells.

A method of epitope detection where antibodies bind to antigens, which are then detected using secondary antibodies.

A method for quantifying soluble antigens by measuring the diameter of precipitation rings in a gel.

Separates proteins based on their electrical charge before undergoing double diffusion.

Using antibodies to identify specific regions (epitopes) on antigens.

Antigenic particles such as cells, bacteria, or antigens bound to beads.

Antigens that are dissolved in a liquid.

Clumping of particles due to antibody cross-linking.

Clumping of red blood cells (erythrocytes) by agglutination.

A process where IgM antibodies cross-link epitopes on cells or particles, causing them to clump together.

A large immunoglobulin known for its efficient cross-linking of epitopes on adjacent particles, contributing to agglutination

Inhibition of agglutination due to excess antibody.

The lowest antibody concentration causing agglutination; a measure of antibody activity.

A technique used to detect non-IgM antibodies or low-titer antibodies by adding an anti-immunoglobulin reagent.

A reaction where soluble antigens and antibodies form insoluble complexes that precipitate, requiring multiple samples due to complex measurements.

A technique for detecting soluble antigens through visualization in agar.

A method of visualizing antigen-antibody reactions in agar.

A technique combining electrophoresis and immunodiffusion.