Immunology Quiz on Antibodies and Diseases

<p>IFN-γ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Release of perforins and granzymes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>B cell formation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Non-filamentous, acid-fast bacilli (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To diagnose tuberculosis infection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Seizures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Japanese encephalitis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Direct contact with fruit bats (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2 months (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CBNAAT (PCR) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Injection of rabies immunoglobulin (IG) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Measles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Naegleria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spike or thorn-like pseudopodia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>PCR (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>5-15 years (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acanthamoeba (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Naegleria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Liposomal Amphotericin B (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flu-like symptoms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are often contracted while swimming (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sappinia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pancarditis, Subcutaneous nodules, Erythema marginatum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Two (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amoxicillin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stage 3 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oral hairy leukoplakia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inhibits excitatory neurotransmitter release (↓Ach) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreased muscle relaxation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ag-ELISA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Botulinum toxin inhibits muscle contraction, while tetanus toxin inhibits muscle relaxation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>6 weeks and 14 weeks. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Staphylococcus aureus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Erythema marginatum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Robertson cooked meat (RCM) medium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Live oral vaccine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metronidazole (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The phenomenon where excess antibody concentration in a sample causes reduced or no agglutination, despite the presence of antigen. It occurs due to the formation of small, soluble antibody-antigen complexes that are not visible.

The phenomenon where excess antigen concentration in a sample causes reduced or no agglutination, despite the presence of antibody. It occurs due to the formation of small, soluble antibody-antigen complexes that are not visible.

The immune response present by birth, providing immediate but non-specific defense against pathogens. It is the first line of defense, acting within 3-4 hours, and lacks memory.

The immune response developed after exposure to a pathogen, providing specific and long-lasting protection. It is the second line of defense, acting after 5-7 days, and involves memory.

A type of immune response mediated by T cells, which directly attack infected cells or destroy pathogens. This response is crucial for fighting intracellular pathogens.

A type of immune response mediated by antibodies, which neutralize pathogens or target them for destruction. This response is crucial for fighting extracellular pathogens.

Antigen Presenting Cells (APCs) are immune cells that capture and display antigens to T cells, initiating an immune response. Examples include dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells. They express Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules for antigen presentation.

A diagnostic criterion for Rheumatic Fever involving inflammation of the heart muscle, pericardium, and valves.

A diagnostic criterion for Rheumatic Fever involving inflammation of one or more joints.

A diagnostic criterion for Rheumatic Fever that includes a high ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) specifically greater than or equal to 60mm per hour.

A stage of HIV characterized by opportunistic infections such as oral candidiasis, herpes zoster, and oral hairy leukoplakia.

A condition that defines AIDS and involves a severe wasting of body mass, often occurring in the late stages of HIV infection.

A type of test used to diagnose tuberculosis (TB) infection. It measures the amount of interferon-gamma (a protein produced by immune cells) released by blood cells when exposed to TB antigens. If a person has been infected with TB, their blood cells will release more interferon-gamma.

A test that detects tuberculosis (TB) bacteria by growing them in a culture medium. It takes 1-2 months to get results.

A skin test that checks for tuberculosis (TB) infection. A small amount of TB antigen is injected into the skin. If a person has been infected, their skin will become red and hard around the injection site after 48-72 hours.

An infection of the brain caused by a virus. Symptoms include seizures, fever, and changes in behavior.

A fatal viral disease that infects the nervous system. It's transmitted by the bite or scratch of an infected animal, like a dog or bat.

A viral disease that causes a rash and fever. It can also lead to serious complications like pneumonia and encephalitis.

An infection of the brain caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV-1). Symptoms include fever, headache, and seizures.

An infection of the brain caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus. It's transmitted by mosquitoes.

A rare, progressive brain disease caused by the JC virus. It affects people with weakened immune systems, especially those with HIV/AIDS. Symptoms include weakness, paralysis, and vision loss.

A rare and often fatal brain infection caused by a free-living amoeba, Naegleria fowleri. It primarily affects the brain's white matter.

A debilitating and progressive neurological disease that primarily affects the white matter of the brain, often in children.

A type of amoeba that causes PAM, a rapidly progressing and often fatal brain infection.

Another amoeba that can cause brain infections, though typically chronic and less aggressive than PAM. It's associated with contact lenses.

A rare type of amoeba that can cause a chronic, granulomatous brain infection.

A rare type of amoeba that can cause brain infections, particularly in immunocompromised individuals.

An inflammation of the brain, specifically affecting the temporal lobe. This can be caused by various factors.

A serious infection of the spinal cord that can cause paralysis. Primarily caused by the poliovirus.

A type of amoebic encephalitis caused by Acanthamoeba, characterized by the formation of granulomas in the brain.

A drug used to treat certain fungal infections, including those caused by Acanthamoeba. It is administered intravenously.

Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart, particularly the heart valves, caused by bacterial or fungal infections.

A condition characterized by inflammation of the heart valves and surrounding tissue, often triggered by a previous streptococcal infection.

A group of infections that originate in the bloodstream and spread throughout the body, affecting various organs and tissues.

Tiny, painful, red nodules that occur on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet, often associated with infective endocarditis.

Small, reddish-brown spots that appear in the retina of the eye, often associated with infective endocarditis.

Bleeding spots, typically round and small, found on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet, often associated with infective endocarditis.

A bacterial infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus, commonly affecting native heart valves, often leading to infective endocarditis.

A group of protozoan parasites that cause malaria, transmitted through the bite of infected mosquitoes.

A parasitic infection caused by Trypanosoma brucei, transmitted through the tsetse fly, causing a range of symptoms, including fever, headaches, and neurological problems.

A parasitic infection caused by a group of Leishmania parasites, transmitted by sandflies, affecting skin, internal organs, and lymph nodes.