10 Questions
Which of the following organs is responsible for educating T lymphocytes to distinguish between self and non-self?
Thymus
Where does lymphopoiesis occur in the fetus?
Liver
What is the primary function of secondary lymphoid organs?
To provide a favorable environment for cell contact and activation
What is the term for the process of immune cells leaving the blood vessels and migrating throughout the body?
Diapedesis
Which of the following is NOT a function of lymphocytes?
Generating immune cells
What is the name of the fluid that carries cells and debris through small-vessel lymphatics?
Lymph
What is the term for the process of immune cells migrating through the body and returning to the blood supply?
Recirculation
Which of the following organs is responsible for filtering the blood and removing pathogens?
Spleen
What is the term for the process of immune cells recognizing and responding to antigens?
Antigen recognition
What is the term for the process of immune cells adapting to specific pathogens and remembering them for future responses?
Adaptive immunity
Study Notes
Neutrophils and NETs
- Neutrophils release enzymes to combat microorganisms in extracellular spaces
- The process of creating NETs (Neutrophil Extracellular Traps) is called netosis
Lymphoid Leukocytes and Their Properties
- B cells: adaptive, humoral immunity, antibody-secreting
- T cells: adaptive, cell-mediated immunity, immune response regulation
- NKT cells: adaptive, cell-mediated immunity (glycolipids)
- NK cells: innate, innate response to microbial or viral infection
Eosinophils and Basophils
- Eosinophils: defend against large multicellular parasites
- Basophils and mast cells: produce cytokines, defend against parasites, involved in allergic inflammation
Macrophages and Dendritic Cells
- Macrophages: involved in phagocytosis and intracellular killing of microorganisms
- Macrophages and DCs: contain surface molecules that directionally drive responsiveness and focus adaptive responses
Platelets and Erythrocytes
- Platelets: involved in blood clotting and wound repair, release inflammatory mediators
- Erythrocytes (RBCs): serve as dynamic reservoirs of inflammatory mediators
Lymphoid Cells and Adaptive Immunity
- Lymphoid cells: provide efficient, specific, and long-lasting immunity against microbes and pathogens
- Lymphocytes differentiate into separate lineages, including B and T cells
- B cells: secrete antibodies
- T cells: operate in a supervising role to mediate cellular and humoral immunity
- NK cells: critical in defense against viral agents
Lymphocyte Development and Function
- Lymphocytes express specific receptors for antigens on their cell surfaces
- Primary lymphoid organs: sites where lymphoid cells are generated, including the liver (fetus) and bone marrow (after birth)
- Secondary lymphoid organs: sites where antigen-driven proliferation and maturation of lymphocytes occur
Assess your knowledge of neutrophils, NETs, and different types of lymphoid leukocytes, including B cells, T cells, NKT cells, and NK cells.
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