Immunology Quiz: Leukocytes

The only complete cells in the blood.

The most abundant type of white blood cell, these phagocytic cells engulf and destroy bacteria.

A type of white blood cell containing large red granules, they are essential in fighting parasitic infections.

The rarest type of white blood cell, they release histamine and other inflammatory chemicals.

White blood cells that lack visible granules in their cytoplasm, including lymphocytes and monocytes.

A type of agranulocyte with a large dark nucleus, they are either T cells or B cells, both crucial in immunity.

A type of agranulocyte that differentiates into macrophages in tissues, they are important phagocytes for chronic infections.

The cells that mature from monocytes in tissues and are powerful phagocytes, actively engulfing and destroying pathogens.

The process of producing white blood cells, primarily occurring in the bone marrow.

Hormones that regulate leukopoiesis, including interleukins and colony-stimulating factors, ensure the body produces the correct number of white blood cells as needed.

Cancer of white blood cells, typically characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of a single cell's descendants.

Acute leukemia is derived from blast-type cells, while chronic leukemia originates from cells at later stages of development.

The bone marrow becomes overwhelmed by cancerous cells, leading to a range of complications, including anemia, clotting problems, and susceptibility to infections.

A condition characterized by the presence of an abnormally high number of white blood cells, often a sign of infection or inflammation. It's actually a complex process that involves many different types of white blood cells, each with a specific task in fighting off infection.

A specific type of infection caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, characterized by a high number of abnormal lymphocytes. Symptoms may include fatigue, sore throat, fever, and swollen lymph nodes.

A condition characterized by an abnormally low number of white blood cells in the blood. It can be caused by various factors, including certain medications, infections, and bone marrow problems.

A component of the immune system that provides a non-specific, rapid response to infection and tissue damage. It is the body's first line of defense against foreign invaders.

A component of the immune system that provides a specific, targeted response against specific pathogens. It's the 'smart' arm of the immune system, recognizing and attacking specific invaders.

Molecules associated with pathogens that are recognized by the innate immune system. They act as alarm signals that trigger an immune response.

Molecules associated with tissue damage that are recognized by the innate immune system. They signal the need for repair and trigger an immune response.

A type of lymphocyte that matures in the bone marrow and is responsible for the humoral immune response. B cells are unique because they produce antibodies, which are specific proteins that recognize and bind to foreign antigens.

A process where mature B cells generate a diverse range of antibodies with different specificities. This ensures the immune system can recognize a wide variety of pathogens.

A unique protein found on the surface of B cells that binds to specific antigens. This interaction triggers the activation of the B cell to produce antibodies.

A type of immune response mediated by B cells that is characterized by the production of antibodies.

Activated B cells differentiate into these antibody-producing factories, churning out specific antibodies that target the invading antigen.

Secreted by virus-infected cells, interferon diffuses to nearby non-infected cells and prevents viral replication by blocking protein synthesis and degrading viral RNA. It is also a potent anti-cancer agent.

A group of plasma proteins that circulate in an inactive state, but when activated, they amplify all aspects of inflammation. C3b is a key component that acts as an opsonin, marking pathogens for destruction.

The process by which neutrophils and other white blood cells are attracted to the site of injury or infection by chemical signals released from damaged cells or other immune cells.

The process by which white blood cells squeeze through the walls of blood vessels and enter tissues, where they can fight infection or inflammation.

The process by which white blood cells adhere to the lining of blood vessels at the site of inflammation.

A nonspecific defense mechanism that involves a coordinated response of the body to injury or infection. Characterized by redness, heat, swelling, and pain.

A group of chemicals released by damaged cells, macrophages, or lymphocytes, that contribute to inflammation. Histamine, kinins, prostaglandins, and complement are key examples.

A sticky substance produced by mucous membranes and digestive and respiratory passages, that traps microorganisms and prevents their spread.

A group of proteins found on the surface of almost all cells in the body that help the immune system recognize "self" cells. Each MHC protein has a groove where it can bind to antigens (self or foreign). MHC stands for Major Histocompatibility Complex.

Molecules that can trigger an immune response by binding to specific receptors on immune cells.

These cells are part of the innate immune system, meaning they are not specific to a particular antigen. They don't need to recognize a specific antigen and can attack cells that are infected with viruses or cancerous cells.

A fever is a symptom of an immune response during which the body temperature is raised above the normal range (around 37 degrees Celsius). Pyrogens released by leukocytes (like macrophages) during infection can reset the body's thermostat, causing a fever.

A complex of proteins, primarily produced by the complement system of the immune system, that can create pores in the membranes of target cells (like bacteria or virus-infected cells) and help destroy them.

A type of lymphocyte that matures in the thymus and is responsible for cell-mediated immunity. T cells can directly attack infected cells or cancer cells.

A type of lymphocyte that matures in the bone marrow and is responsible for humoral immunity. B cells produce antibodies that can bind to antigens and neutralize or mark them for destruction.

These are cells that engulf and destroy pathogens. They are part of both the innate and adaptive immune systems. They help initiate an immune response by 'presenting' antigens to other immune cells.