15 Questions
Innate immunity is:
Non specific
The cellular immune response is mediated by:
T-cells
First line of body defense is:
Unbroken skin
Which of the following bacterial components is least likely to contain useful antigens?
Ribosomes
The coagulase test is used to differentiate:
Staphylococcus aureus from Staphylococcus epidermidis
What is the process where DNA is transferred from a donor to a recipient cell by a bacteriophage called?
transduction
Which process involves the uptake of naked DNA by a recipient cell from its environment?
transformation
Which of the following best defines the Krebs cycle?
a series of chemical reactions in which NADH is produced from the oxidation of acid
During which process is CO2 produced as a byproduct?
the Krebs cycle
Which molecule is primarily generated during the Krebs cycle and is essential for ATP production?
NADH
What is the primary characteristic of innate immunity?
Non specific
Which component of bacteria is least likely to contain useful antigens for serologic tests?
Ribosomes
Which pathogen characteristic is crucial for a successful infection?
Doesn't kill its host before it is transmitted
Which bacteria is not visible in the Gram stain due to absence of a cell wall?
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
What drives the movement of solute molecules across the membrane in passive diffusion?
All of these
Study Notes
Innate Immunity
- Innate immunity is non-specific, meaning it doesn't target specific pathogens.
- The cellular immune response is mediated by T-cells, which play a crucial role in fighting infections.
- The unbroken skin is the first line of body defense, providing a physical barrier against pathogens.
- A successful pathogen doesn't kill its host before it is transmitted, allowing the pathogen to spread to new hosts.
- Ribosomes are unlikely to contain useful antigens for identification of bacteria by serologic tests.
Gram Staining
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae is not visible in the Gram's stain because it does not have a cell wall, making it an exception to the Gram stain.
- The coagulase test is used to differentiate Staphylococcus aureus from Staphylococcus epidermidis, two types of bacteria that can be difficult to distinguish.
- In passive diffusion, solute molecules cross the membrane as a result of various factors, including concentration gradients, temperature, and particle size.
Genetic Transfer
- Transfer of DNA from a donor to a recipient cell can occur through a bacteriophage.
Transformation
- Transfer of DNA from a donor to a recipient can occur as naked DNA in solution.
Krebs Cycle
- The Krebs cycle is a series of chemical reactions in which ATP is produced from the oxidation of acid.
- It involves the oxidation of pyruvic acid.
- NADH is produced from the oxidation of acid during the Krebs cycle.
Innate Immunity
- Innate immunity is non-specific, meaning it doesn't target specific pathogens.
- The cellular immune response is mediated by T-cells, which play a crucial role in fighting infections.
- The unbroken skin is the first line of body defense, providing a physical barrier against pathogens.
- A successful pathogen doesn't kill its host before it is transmitted, allowing the pathogen to spread to new hosts.
- Ribosomes are unlikely to contain useful antigens for identification of bacteria by serologic tests.
Gram Staining
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae is not visible in the Gram's stain because it does not have a cell wall, making it an exception to the Gram stain.
- The coagulase test is used to differentiate Staphylococcus aureus from Staphylococcus epidermidis, two types of bacteria that can be difficult to distinguish.
- In passive diffusion, solute molecules cross the membrane as a result of various factors, including concentration gradients, temperature, and particle size.
Test your knowledge of innate immunity, including the body's first line of defense, cellular immune responses, and bacterial identification. Check your understanding of the concepts and principles of immunology.
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