Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a common side effect of NSAIDs like ibuprofen and naproxen?
What is a common side effect of NSAIDs like ibuprofen and naproxen?
What is a critical restriction for patients taking methotrexate?
What is a critical restriction for patients taking methotrexate?
What type of treatment is recommended for timely management of pruritus?
What type of treatment is recommended for timely management of pruritus?
Which of the following is advisable for a patient experiencing folliculitis?
Which of the following is advisable for a patient experiencing folliculitis?
Signup and view all the answers
How often should patients on DMARDs like hydroxychloroquine have eye exams?
How often should patients on DMARDs like hydroxychloroquine have eye exams?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the recommended bathing practice for elderly patients with sensitive skin?
What is the recommended bathing practice for elderly patients with sensitive skin?
Signup and view all the answers
What educational advice is given regarding the use of corticosteroids?
What educational advice is given regarding the use of corticosteroids?
Signup and view all the answers
What lifestyle modification should patients take to prevent pruritus complications?
What lifestyle modification should patients take to prevent pruritus complications?
Signup and view all the answers
Which antibiotic agents may be selected if MRSA is suspected?
Which antibiotic agents may be selected if MRSA is suspected?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common characteristic of malignant melanoma lesions?
What is a common characteristic of malignant melanoma lesions?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a significant risk factor for developing malignant melanoma?
Which of the following is a significant risk factor for developing malignant melanoma?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary treatment for small, superficial lesions of melanoma?
What is the primary treatment for small, superficial lesions of melanoma?
Signup and view all the answers
How does HIV primarily affect the immune system?
How does HIV primarily affect the immune system?
Signup and view all the answers
What observation might indicate early signs of melanoma?
What observation might indicate early signs of melanoma?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following medications is used to manage patients with stage 3 and stage 4 melanoma?
Which of the following medications is used to manage patients with stage 3 and stage 4 melanoma?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the purpose of using incision and drainage (I&D) when pus is localized?
What is the purpose of using incision and drainage (I&D) when pus is localized?
Signup and view all the answers
Which joints are impacted by gout?
Which joints are impacted by gout?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following factors increases the risk of developing gout?
Which of the following factors increases the risk of developing gout?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common clinical manifestation of gout?
What is a common clinical manifestation of gout?
Signup and view all the answers
What lab test is primarily used to evaluate gout?
What lab test is primarily used to evaluate gout?
Signup and view all the answers
Which symptom is characteristic of lupus?
Which symptom is characteristic of lupus?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common treatment for chronic gout?
What is a common treatment for chronic gout?
Signup and view all the answers
Which complication is associated with lupus?
Which complication is associated with lupus?
Signup and view all the answers
Which laboratory finding is commonly elevated in rheumatoid arthritis?
Which laboratory finding is commonly elevated in rheumatoid arthritis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary use of Hydroxychloroquine?
What is the primary use of Hydroxychloroquine?
Signup and view all the answers
Which side effect is common with NSAIDs?
Which side effect is common with NSAIDs?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT typically a consideration when administering Zidovudine?
Which of the following is NOT typically a consideration when administering Zidovudine?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the goal of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART)?
What is the goal of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART)?
Signup and view all the answers
What does PrEP stand for in the context of HIV prevention?
What does PrEP stand for in the context of HIV prevention?
Signup and view all the answers
Which agent is classified as a Protease Inhibitor?
Which agent is classified as a Protease Inhibitor?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following correctly describes CCR5 Antagonists?
Which of the following correctly describes CCR5 Antagonists?
Signup and view all the answers
Which class of drugs is typically NOT used for the treatment of gout?
Which class of drugs is typically NOT used for the treatment of gout?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the CD4 + T-cell count in Stage 1 of HIV infection?
What is the CD4 + T-cell count in Stage 1 of HIV infection?
Signup and view all the answers
Which symptoms are characteristic of Stage 0 (acute infection) of HIV?
Which symptoms are characteristic of Stage 0 (acute infection) of HIV?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary purpose of CD4 + T cell count in HIV management?
What is the primary purpose of CD4 + T cell count in HIV management?
Signup and view all the answers
What indicates a diagnosis of AIDS?
What indicates a diagnosis of AIDS?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the patient presentation during the chronic asymptomatic stage of HIV?
What is the patient presentation during the chronic asymptomatic stage of HIV?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the Rule of Nines used for?
What is the Rule of Nines used for?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following best describes HIV antibody tests?
Which of the following best describes HIV antibody tests?
Signup and view all the answers
Which statement is true regarding individuals with AIDS?
Which statement is true regarding individuals with AIDS?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a characteristic symptom of a partial thickness (second-degree) burn?
What is a characteristic symptom of a partial thickness (second-degree) burn?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main concern if a patient has a large percentage of burn affecting the face?
What is the main concern if a patient has a large percentage of burn affecting the face?
Signup and view all the answers
Which medication can diffuse through eschar and kill bacteria underneath?
Which medication can diffuse through eschar and kill bacteria underneath?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following symptoms indicates an inhalation injury?
Which of the following symptoms indicates an inhalation injury?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the recommended intervention for managing patients with suspected inhalation injury?
What is the recommended intervention for managing patients with suspected inhalation injury?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Immunology Problems
- Hydroxychloroquine: Used for rheumatoid arthritis and lupus. May be used concurrently with NSAIDs. Monitor for visual changes, GI upset, skin rash, headaches, and photosensitivity.
- Zidovudine (NRTI): Used in HIV treatment, often in combination with other protease inhibitors.
- NSAIDs: Used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. Adverse effects include GI bleeding/ulcers. Avoid use with alcohol or steroids. Use H2 antagonists to prevent GI bleeding.
- Antivirals:
- HIV (PrEP): A pre-exposure prophylaxis medication for HIV using tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and emtricitabine. Should be combined with condom use for maximum effectiveness and blood should be tested for HIV every 3 months.
- Herpes-zoster: Acyclovir, valacyclovir, or famciclovir are first-line treatments.
HIV/AIDS Medications
- ART (Antiretroviral Agents): A combination of drugs used to suppress viral replication, prevent disease progression, and reduce transmission risk. All those with a positive test will receive these drugs. Monitoring is done through CD4+ cell counts.
- Classes of ART:
- Fusion Inhibitors: Enfuvirtide (stops phase 2)
- NRTIs: Zidovudine, blocks phase 3. Other NRTIs and NNRTIs are also used.
- Protease Inhibitors: End in "navir" (e.g., fosamprenavir)(stops phase 5)
- Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors: Raltegravir (blocks a phase 5 enzyme)
- CCR5 Antagonist: Maraviroc (Stops HIV entry into cell)
Autoimmune Diseases
- Gout: Inflammatory arthritis resulting from high uric acid levels. Risk factors increase with age, BMI, alcohol use, fructose consumption, and diuretic use. Higher consumption of red meat increases risk. Symptoms include severe pain, redness, swelling, warmth in affected joints. Labs measure uric acid levels.
Other Topics
- Lupus: Widespread autoimmune disease impacting joints, skin, blood vessels. Symptoms include alopecia, Raynaud's phenomenon, butterfly rash, Labs show increased antinuclear antibodies (ANA),erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), & BUN/Creatinine. Monitor for lupus nephritis, cardiac inflammation/myocardial ischemia, pericarditis, pericardial friction rub, dysrhythmias, and F&E imbalances.
- Rheumatoid Arthritis: Autoimmune condition causing inflammation of joints. Symptoms include bilateral, symmetrical, painful, hot, swollen joints. Possible systemic effects like anemia, pericarditis, arteritis, neuropathies, and Sjögren's syndrome (dry eyes). Dx includes elevated ESR & CRP, anti-CCP (test). Treatment combines NSAIDs (e.g., ibuprofen, naproxen) with corticosteroids and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs).
- Folliculitis: Bacterial or fungal infection of hair follicles. Can be treated with oral antibiotics.
- Malignant Melanoma: Malignant tumor of skin cells, often associated with sun exposure. S/S include: irregular borders, discolorations, and possible metastasizing to other locations. Dx is confirmed with an excisional biopsy. Tx usually involves surgical removal of the lesion.
- Burns: Categorized as superficial (epidermis), partial thickness (epidermis & dermis), or full-thickness (epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous tissue potentially). Management of burns involves monitoring for fluid imbalances and keeping the affected area clean.
HIV/AIDS Stages
- 0 (Acute Infection/Seroconversion): Early stage of HIV infection, characterized by flu-like symptoms (fever, malaise, fatigue).
- 1 (Clinical Latency): Asymptomatic stage that may last for years, with CD4+ T-cell counts above 500.
- 2 (Symptomatic): CD4+ T-cell count between 200 and 499, causing mild symptoms.
- 3 (AIDS): CD4+ T-cell count less than 200 cells/mm³. Presence of opportunistic infections.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Test your knowledge on immunology problems and HIV/AIDS medications. This quiz covers important drugs like hydroxychloroquine, zidovudine, and various antivirals, including their uses and potential adverse effects. Stay updated on the latest treatments and recommendations for managing these health conditions.
