Anti-HIV Medications
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Questions and Answers

What is the effect of high fat meals on the absorption of fosamprenavir?

  • No effect on absorption
  • Increase absorption
  • Delay absorption
  • Decrease absorption (correct)

    • What is the contraindication of fosamprenavir in children?

  • Hepatic insufficiency
  • Age < 4 years old (correct)
  • Pregnancy
  • Renal insufficiency

    • What is the enzyme responsible for the metabolism of amprenavir?

  • CYP1A2
  • CYP2C9
  • CYP3A4 (correct)
  • CYP2D6

    • What is the effect of rifampin on indinavir levels?

    <p>Decrease indinavir levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the risk of combining nelfinavir with ritonavir?

    <p>Cardiac Arrhythmia risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of food on the absorption of nelfinavir?

    <p>Increase absorption 2 to 3 fold</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary target of HIV attacks in the immune system?

    <p>CD4 T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of measuring CD4 counts in HIV-infected individuals?

    <p>To assess the severity of disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the preferred treatment regimen for HIV infection?

    <p>2 NRTI and 1 INSTI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of cobicistat and ritonavir in HIV treatment?

    <p>As boosters to enhance drug levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of HIV viral loads?

    <p>To assess disease progression and possible drug resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of PrEP and PEP therapy?

    <p>To prevent HIV transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of taking PrEP medicines?

    <p>To reduce the risk of HIV infection in people at high risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often should individuals taking PrEP see their healthcare provider for follow-up?

    <p>Every 2-3 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the populations where PrEP has shown a reduction in HIV transmission?

    <p>Men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended frequency of taking PrEP?

    <p>Daily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum percentage reduction in HIV transmission that PrEP has been shown to achieve?

    <p>&gt; 99%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the tests recommended during follow-up visits for individuals taking PrEP?

    <p>HIV test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the revised recommendation for when to begin ART therapy?

    <p>At diagnosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the deferral period for men who have sex with men, as recommended by HHS and FDA?

    <p>One year since the last sexual contact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is not recommended during pregnancy or for women of childbearing age?

    <p>Dolutegravir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of more brand names becoming generic?

    <p>Increased access to medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the CD4-directed post-attachment HIV-1 inhibitor approved?

    <p>Ibalizumab</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is PrEP and PEP therapy used for?

    <p>Preventing HIV infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of the component mentioned?

    <p>Pharmacokinetic enhancement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approved indication of the component for HIV-1 infection treatment?

    <p>In combination with other antiretroviral agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant side effect of the component?

    <p>Modest increase in serum creatinine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the component compared to ritonavir?

    <p>No antiviral activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the trend observed in the Move Toward Lower Pill Burdens Regimen Dosing?

    <p>Decreased pill burden over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the source of the guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in HIV-1-Infected Adults and Adolescents?

    <p>NIH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of CD4 counts in HIV-infected individuals?

    <p>To measure the severity of disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the preferred treatment regimen for HIV infection?

    <p>2 NRTI + 1 INSTI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary target of HIV attacks in the immune system?

    <p>CD4 T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of measuring HIV viral loads?

    <p>To assess disease progression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a decrease in CD4 count below a critical level?

    <p>Increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the trend in HIV treatment regimens?

    <p>Movement towards lower pill burdens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is contraindicated in children under 4 years old and in pregnancy?

    <p>Fosamprenavir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of high fat meals on the absorption of fosamprenavir?

    <p>Decreases absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is a substrate and inhibitor of CYP3A4?

    <p>Indinavir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended administration instruction for indinavir?

    <p>Take with at least 48 ounces of water daily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the side effect of indinavir that is associated with kidney stones?

    <p>Nephrolithiasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of rifampin on the levels of indinavir?

    <p>Decreases levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important factor to consider when choosing a regimen for HIV treatment?

    <p>Patient's co-morbid conditions and degree of organ dysfunction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of testing for HLA-B*5701 in individuals considering abacavir?

    <p>To determine the patient's likelihood of developing a severe hypersensitivity reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of combining maximally potent agents in HIV treatment?

    <p>To reduce viral replication to the lowest possible level and improve patient outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important factor to consider when optimizing adherence to a regimen?

    <p>The pill burden and convenience of the regimen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done at the initiation of therapy or if treatment failure occurs?

    <p>Susceptibility testing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important consideration when selecting a regimen for a pregnant patient?

    <p>Testing for pregnancy upon initiation in all childbearing women</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs)?

    <p>Binding integrase preventing integration of viral genome in host cell DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended approach when co-administering saquinavir with nelfinavir?

    <p>Decrease the dose of saquinavir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Dolutegravir compared to other antiretrovirals?

    <p>Has fewer significant drug interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the indication for the use of maraviroc?

    <p>Combination with other meds for treatment-experienced adult patients infected with CCR5-tropic HIV-1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of enfuvirtide?

    <p>Blocks entry of virus into cells by binding to gp41 subunit of viral envelope glycoprotein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the caution when using elvitegravir?

    <p>Requires 'boosting' with cobicistat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary target of HIV attacks in the immune system?

    <p>CD4+ cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of rifampin on raltegravir levels?

    <p>Decreases the levels of raltegravir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended approach when co-administering dalavirdine or rifampin with saquinavir?

    <p>Monitor liver function tests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of cobicistat 'boosting' with elvitegravir?

    <p>Enhances the activity of elvitegravir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of taking PrEP medicines?

    <p>To reduce the risk of HIV infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often should individuals taking PrEP see their healthcare provider for follow-up?

    <p>Every 2-3 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What tests are recommended during follow-up visits for individuals taking PrEP?

    <p>HIV Test and pregnancy test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum percentage reduction in HIV transmission that PrEP has been shown to achieve?

    <p>99%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a condition for initiating PrEP?

    <p>Being at high risk of acquiring HIV</p> Signup and view all the answers

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