Anti-HIV Medications

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Questions and Answers

What is the effect of high fat meals on the absorption of fosamprenavir?

  • No effect on absorption
  • Increase absorption
  • Delay absorption
  • Decrease absorption (correct)

What is the contraindication of fosamprenavir in children?

  • Hepatic insufficiency
  • Age < 4 years old (correct)
  • Pregnancy
  • Renal insufficiency

What is the enzyme responsible for the metabolism of amprenavir?

  • CYP1A2
  • CYP2C9
  • CYP3A4 (correct)
  • CYP2D6

What is the effect of rifampin on indinavir levels?

<p>Decrease indinavir levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the risk of combining nelfinavir with ritonavir?

<p>Cardiac Arrhythmia risk (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of food on the absorption of nelfinavir?

<p>Increase absorption 2 to 3 fold (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary target of HIV attacks in the immune system?

<p>CD4 T cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of measuring CD4 counts in HIV-infected individuals?

<p>To assess the severity of disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred treatment regimen for HIV infection?

<p>2 NRTI and 1 INSTI (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of cobicistat and ritonavir in HIV treatment?

<p>As boosters to enhance drug levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of HIV viral loads?

<p>To assess disease progression and possible drug resistance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of PrEP and PEP therapy?

<p>To prevent HIV transmission (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of taking PrEP medicines?

<p>To reduce the risk of HIV infection in people at high risk (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How often should individuals taking PrEP see their healthcare provider for follow-up?

<p>Every 2-3 months (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the populations where PrEP has shown a reduction in HIV transmission?

<p>Men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended frequency of taking PrEP?

<p>Daily (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum percentage reduction in HIV transmission that PrEP has been shown to achieve?

<p>&gt; 99% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the tests recommended during follow-up visits for individuals taking PrEP?

<p>HIV test (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the revised recommendation for when to begin ART therapy?

<p>At diagnosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the deferral period for men who have sex with men, as recommended by HHS and FDA?

<p>One year since the last sexual contact (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications is not recommended during pregnancy or for women of childbearing age?

<p>Dolutegravir (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of more brand names becoming generic?

<p>Increased access to medication (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the CD4-directed post-attachment HIV-1 inhibitor approved?

<p>Ibalizumab (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is PrEP and PEP therapy used for?

<p>Preventing HIV infection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of the component mentioned?

<p>Pharmacokinetic enhancement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approved indication of the component for HIV-1 infection treatment?

<p>In combination with other antiretroviral agents (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant side effect of the component?

<p>Modest increase in serum creatinine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the component compared to ritonavir?

<p>No antiviral activity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the trend observed in the Move Toward Lower Pill Burdens Regimen Dosing?

<p>Decreased pill burden over time (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of the guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in HIV-1-Infected Adults and Adolescents?

<p>NIH (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of CD4 counts in HIV-infected individuals?

<p>To measure the severity of disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred treatment regimen for HIV infection?

<p>2 NRTI + 1 INSTI (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary target of HIV attacks in the immune system?

<p>CD4 T cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of measuring HIV viral loads?

<p>To assess disease progression (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of a decrease in CD4 count below a critical level?

<p>Increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the trend in HIV treatment regimens?

<p>Movement towards lower pill burdens (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is contraindicated in children under 4 years old and in pregnancy?

<p>Fosamprenavir (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of high fat meals on the absorption of fosamprenavir?

<p>Decreases absorption (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is a substrate and inhibitor of CYP3A4?

<p>Indinavir (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended administration instruction for indinavir?

<p>Take with at least 48 ounces of water daily (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the side effect of indinavir that is associated with kidney stones?

<p>Nephrolithiasis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of rifampin on the levels of indinavir?

<p>Decreases levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an important factor to consider when choosing a regimen for HIV treatment?

<p>Patient's co-morbid conditions and degree of organ dysfunction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of testing for HLA-B*5701 in individuals considering abacavir?

<p>To determine the patient's likelihood of developing a severe hypersensitivity reaction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of combining maximally potent agents in HIV treatment?

<p>To reduce viral replication to the lowest possible level and improve patient outcomes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an important factor to consider when optimizing adherence to a regimen?

<p>The pill burden and convenience of the regimen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done at the initiation of therapy or if treatment failure occurs?

<p>Susceptibility testing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an important consideration when selecting a regimen for a pregnant patient?

<p>Testing for pregnancy upon initiation in all childbearing women (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs)?

<p>Binding integrase preventing integration of viral genome in host cell DNA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended approach when co-administering saquinavir with nelfinavir?

<p>Decrease the dose of saquinavir (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Dolutegravir compared to other antiretrovirals?

<p>Has fewer significant drug interactions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the indication for the use of maraviroc?

<p>Combination with other meds for treatment-experienced adult patients infected with CCR5-tropic HIV-1 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of enfuvirtide?

<p>Blocks entry of virus into cells by binding to gp41 subunit of viral envelope glycoprotein (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the caution when using elvitegravir?

<p>Requires 'boosting' with cobicistat (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary target of HIV attacks in the immune system?

<p>CD4+ cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of rifampin on raltegravir levels?

<p>Decreases the levels of raltegravir (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended approach when co-administering dalavirdine or rifampin with saquinavir?

<p>Monitor liver function tests (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of cobicistat 'boosting' with elvitegravir?

<p>Enhances the activity of elvitegravir (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of taking PrEP medicines?

<p>To reduce the risk of HIV infection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How often should individuals taking PrEP see their healthcare provider for follow-up?

<p>Every 2-3 months (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What tests are recommended during follow-up visits for individuals taking PrEP?

<p>HIV Test and pregnancy test (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum percentage reduction in HIV transmission that PrEP has been shown to achieve?

<p>99% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a condition for initiating PrEP?

<p>Being at high risk of acquiring HIV (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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