15 Questions
What is the role of IL-2 in lymphocyte activation?
Enhances the proliferation of cytotoxic T-cells
What is the primary site of Th2 effector function?
Mucosal surfaces
How do Treg cells differ from other types of Th cells?
They suppress immune responses
Which cytokines are associated with polarizing Th1 cells?
IL-12, IFN-gamma, TNF-beta
What is the concept of cross-regulation between Th cells?
It refers to the mutual inhibition of different Th cell types' activation and function
How does signal 1b aid in the regulation of Th cells?
It provides co-stimulatory signals for T-cell activation
What is the main function of CD4+ helper T-lymphocytes?
Secreting cytokines to activate or inhibit other cells
What is the major costimulator involved in T cell activation?
CD80/86 on the APC
What happens when T cell recognition of antigen occurs in the absence of co-stimulation?
T cell anergy, leading to inability to produce IL-2
What is the main role of interleukin 2 (IL-2) in T cell activation?
Promoting proliferation and differentiation of activated naive T cells
What is the purpose of T-cell polarization?
Specializing T helper cell functions through cytokine secretion
What are DAMPs and PAMPs involved in?
Triggering increased expression of HLA-2 and costimulators on APCs
What happens when anergic T cells encounter antigens presented by APCs that express co-stimulatory molecules?
They fail to proliferate and differentiate into effector cells
What is the main role of CD28 on the T helper cell (Th)?
Binding to CD80/86 on antigen-presenting cells (APCs)
What does IL-2 binding to the Th IL-2R act as?
"Autocrine" activator
Test your understanding of the process of Th activation, T-lymphocyte class restriction, the function and location of costimulator, co-receptor, and adhesion molecules, cSMAC vs. pSMAC, adhesion vs. recognition of PRR activation, the role of IL-2 in lymphocyte activation, and the characteristics of Th1, Th2, Th17, T...
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