40 Questions
Which step is NOT involved in the T helper cell immune response?
Apoptosis
What induces the differentiation of Th1, Th2, and Th17 subsets according to the text?
Cytokines present during antigen presentation
Which cytokine is crucial for the development of Th1 subset of CD4+ T cells?
IFN-γ
Which immune-mediated disease is characterized by chronic inflammation?
Rheumatoid arthritis
What drives the development of Th cell subsets according to the text?
Cytokines generated early in immune response
Which chemokine receptor is expressed by Th1 cells to guide them to sites of viral or intracellular bacterial infections?
CXCR3
What is the primary cytokine produced by Th1 cells?
Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)
Which chemokine receptor is expressed by Th2 cells to enable migration to sites of allergic inflammation or helminth infections?
CCR4
What is the role of Th17 cells concerning specific pathogens?
Combat extracellular bacteria and fungi
How are the Th1, Th2, and Th17 subsets of CD4+ T cells regulated?
By manipulation of cytokine signals
What is the primary function of Th1 cells?
Promote phagocyte-mediated elimination of intracellular pathogens
Which cytokines are produced by Th1 cells?
Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α)
Which immune responses are coordinated by Th1 cells?
Regulation of cellular immunity and innate immunity
What is the main function of Th17 cells?
Regulate cellular immunity against extracellular pathogens
Which of the following is NOT a cytokine produced by Th1 cells?
Interleukin-4 (IL-4)
What role do Th1 cells play in the immune response?
Defense against intracellular pathogens
Which cytokine is involved in reinforcing Th1 differentiation?
IFN-γ
What is the function of Th17 cells in the immune response?
Defense against extracellular bacteria and fungi
What is the role of Th17 cells in defense against extracellular bacteria and fungi?
Stimulating the production of antimicrobial peptides
Which condition can arise from excessive Th17 responses?
Psoriasis
Which type of cells produce the cytokines necessary for driving Th cell subset differentiation?
Antigen-presenting cells
What is the impact of autocrine regulation by CD4+ T cells?
Suppressing the development of other subsets
What is the function of Th1 cells in the immune response?
Activating macrophages to destroy intracellular microbes
Which cytokine is typically associated with Th1 cells' function?
Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)
In which context is an excessive Th17 response more likely to cause damage?
Contributing to chronic inflammation and tissue damage
Which effector function of CD4+ Th cells involves the release of cytokines like interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha to activate macrophages and promote inflammation?
Inducing inflammation
What is the primary role of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells in the immune response?
Providing help to B cells for antibody production
Which subset of CD4+ T cells can cause tissue damage in delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions?
Th1 cells
Which immune-mediated disease is characterized by chronic inflammation?
Rheumatoid Arthritis
In the immune response, what do Th1 cells specifically target?
Tissue damage induction in delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions
What is the primary function of costimulatory blockade in manipulating the B7/CD28 interaction for therapeutic purposes?
Suppress T cell activation
Which molecule competes with CD28 for binding to B7-1 and B7-2, acting as an inhibitory molecule to dampen T cell activation?
CTLA-4
What is the goal of therapeutic intervention in blocking the CD28 co-stimulatory pathway for T cell activation?
Prevent T cell activation
Which cell receptor on T cells binds to B7-1 (CD80) and B7-2 (CD86) on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) for full T cell activation?
CD28
What role does CTLA-4 play in the manipulation of the B7/CD28 interaction for therapeutic purposes?
Dampens T cell activation by binding to B7-1 and B7-2
In the context of immune-related disorders, how does inhibition of the CD28 pathway affect T cell activation?
Reduces inflammation and tissue damage
What is the effect of blocked CD28 co-stimulation on T cell activity?
Suppresses T cell activation
Which molecule competes with CD28 for binding to B7-1 and B7-2, thereby inhibiting T cell activation?
CTLA-4
What is the essential function of CTLA-4 in the manipulation of the B7/CD28 interaction for therapeutic purposes?
Dampen T cell activation
In immune-related disorders, what is the impact of costimulatory blockade on T cell activation?
Suppresses T cell activation
Explore the key steps involved in the T helper cell immune response, including activation, proliferation, differentiation, migration, and effector functions. Learn how dysregulated responses can lead to immune-mediated diseases like delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions.
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