Immunology Fundamentals
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Questions and Answers

What is the term for the body's first line of defense against pathogens?

  • Humoral response
  • Cell-mediated response
  • Adaptive immunity
  • Innate immunity (correct)

    • What is the primary function of antibodies?

  • To regulate the immune response
  • To produce cytokines
  • To stimulate an immune response
  • To help neutralize or remove pathogens from the body (correct)

    • What is the role of TNFa in the immune response?

  • To activate macrophages
  • To implicate in inflammation (correct)
  • To regulate haematopoiesis
  • To suppress inflammation

    • What is the result of an overactive immune system?

    <p>Autoimmune diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of cytokines in the immune response?

    <p>To activate immune cells through receptor binding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of vaccination?

    <p>To prevent or reduce the severity of infectious diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of the immune cascade in the body?

    <p>To eliminate pathogens and maintain tissue homeostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of phagocytes in innate immunity?

    <p>To engulf and digest foreign particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of an underactive immune system?

    <p>Immunodeficiency disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of mast cells in the immune response?

    <p>To release inflammatory mediators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the complement system in innate immunity?

    <p>To kill pathogens by cytolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of eosinophils in the immune response?

    <p>To fight parasites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of inflammation in innate immunity?

    <p>To stop the spread of infection and promote healing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of basophils in the immune response?

    <p>To release histamine and heparin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of haematopoiesis in the immune response?

    <p>To form leucocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of IFNg in the immune response?

    <p>To implicate macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of CD4+ T cells?

    <p>To secrete cytokines to coordinate immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of an underactive immune system?

    <p>An increased susceptibility to infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of hypersensitivity is mediated by IgE and mast cells?

    <p>Type I - Acute hypersensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of phagocytes in the immune response?

    <p>To swallow pathogens and destroy them with cytoplasmic granules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of an overactive immune system?

    <p>Allergies and autoimmune diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of hypersensitivity is mediated by T-cells, macrophages, and eosinophils?

    <p>Type IV - Cell-mediated hypersensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of CD8+ T cells?

    <p>To kill target cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of an immune system that mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues and cells?

    <p>An autoimmune disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the immune system?

    <p>To defend the body against harmful foreign substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the immune system?

    <p>Nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between the innate and adaptive immune systems?

    <p>The innate system provides a rapid response and the adaptive system provides a longer-term response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of disorders can occur when the immune system malfunctions?

    <p>Allergies and autoimmune disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the long-term immunity that comes from the adaptive immune system?

    <p>Immunological memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the study of the immune system and its functions?

    <p>Immunology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells are involved in the immune response?

    <p>Leukocytes (white blood cells)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body?

    <p>Immune system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of molecules can bind to host proteins and trigger an allergic response?

    <p>Molecules that bind to host proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of immune response is characterized by IgE production and the release of histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins?

    <p>Type I Acute allergic response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of medication is used to prevent degranulation and mediator release in allergic rhinitis?

    <p>Mast cell stabilizers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of adrenaline in the treatment of anaphylaxis?

    <p>To act as a bronchodilator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of immune response is characterized by immune complex excess and the activation of complement and enzyme release by polymorphs?

    <p>Type II Antibody mediated response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of medication is used to treat asthma and reduces inflammation?

    <p>Anti-inflammatory agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells are involved in the late-phase reaction of an allergic response?

    <p>Eosinophils, Neutrophils, and Lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of medication is used to treat allergic conjunctivitis and prevents degranulation and mediator release?

    <p>Mast cell stabilizers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Immunology

    • Immunology is the study of the immune system and its functions, playing a crucial role in maintaining health by defending against pathogens and potentially harmful substances.

    Importance of Immunology

    • The immune system can malfunction, leading to diseases such as allergies and autoimmune disorders.

    Key Terms in Immunology

    • Immune system: a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against harmful foreign substances.
    • Innate immune system: provides a rapid response to infections.
    • Adaptive immune system: provides a longer-term response that is specifically tailored to the invading pathogen.
    • Cells: leukocytes (white blood cells), including neutrophils, macrophages, monocytes, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, lymphocytes (B cells and T cells).
    • Tissues and organs: lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, bone marrow, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), gut-associated (GALT), bronchial associated (BALT), and skin-associated (SALT).
    • Molecules: antibodies, cytokines, complement, and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules.
    • Antigens: substances that stimulate an immune response, coming from bacteria, viruses, and other foreign substances.

    Immune Response

    • A complex process involving the activation of specific cells and the production of antibodies, regulated by signaling molecules and cytokines.

    Vaccination

    • A way to prevent or reduce the severity of infectious diseases by triggering an immune response to specific antigens without causing the disease itself.

    Immune System Disorders

    • The immune system can malfunction, leading to health conditions such as allergies and autoimmune diseases (overactive immune system) or immunodeficiency disorders (underactive immune system).

    Innate Immunity

    • The body's first line of defense against pathogens, involving non-specific cells, physical and chemical barriers, inflammation, and the complement system.

    Adaptive Immunity

    • A longer-term response that is specifically tailored to the invading pathogen, involving the activation of specific immune cells and the production of antibodies.

    Cells of the Immune System

    • Leukocytes (white blood cells): formed by haematopoiesis in bone marrow, including neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, and lymphocytes (B cells and T cells).

    Immune Cascade

    • A series of reactions that occur in the body in response to a foreign substance, involving the activation, recruitment, and action of various immune cells and molecules.

    Immune System Disorders

    • An overactive immune system can lead to allergies and autoimmune diseases, while an underactive immune system can result in immunodeficiency disorders.

    Hypersensitivity

    • Types of hypersensitivity: I (acute, allergic, anaphylactic, immediate, reaginic), II (antibody-mediated, cytotoxic), III (antigen-antibody complex-mediated), and IV (cell-mediated, delayed, tuberculin-type).
    • Medications for allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, asthma, and anaphylaxis.

    Note: I've broken down the text into sections using markdown headings and used concise bullet points to summarize the key facts.

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    Description

    Learn about the immune system, its role in health, and its components. This quiz covers the basics of immunology, including terminology, functions, and importance in health and disease.

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