40 Questions
What is the term for the body's first line of defense against pathogens?
Innate immunity
What is the primary function of antibodies?
To help neutralize or remove pathogens from the body
What is the role of TNFa in the immune response?
To implicate in inflammation
What is the result of an overactive immune system?
Autoimmune diseases
What is the primary function of cytokines in the immune response?
To activate immune cells through receptor binding
What is the purpose of vaccination?
To prevent or reduce the severity of infectious diseases
What is the importance of the immune cascade in the body?
To eliminate pathogens and maintain tissue homeostasis
What is the function of phagocytes in innate immunity?
To engulf and digest foreign particles
What is the result of an underactive immune system?
Immunodeficiency disorders
What is the function of mast cells in the immune response?
To release inflammatory mediators
What is the role of the complement system in innate immunity?
To kill pathogens by cytolysis
What is the function of eosinophils in the immune response?
To fight parasites
What is the purpose of inflammation in innate immunity?
To stop the spread of infection and promote healing
What is the function of basophils in the immune response?
To release histamine and heparin
What is the significance of haematopoiesis in the immune response?
To form leucocytes
What is the role of IFNg in the immune response?
To implicate macrophages
What is the primary function of CD4+ T cells?
To secrete cytokines to coordinate immune response
What is the result of an underactive immune system?
An increased susceptibility to infections
What type of hypersensitivity is mediated by IgE and mast cells?
Type I - Acute hypersensitivity
What is the function of phagocytes in the immune response?
To swallow pathogens and destroy them with cytoplasmic granules
What is the result of an overactive immune system?
Allergies and autoimmune diseases
What type of hypersensitivity is mediated by T-cells, macrophages, and eosinophils?
Type IV - Cell-mediated hypersensitivity
What is the function of CD8+ T cells?
To kill target cells
What is the result of an immune system that mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues and cells?
An autoimmune disease
What is the primary function of the immune system?
To defend the body against harmful foreign substances
Which of the following is NOT a component of the immune system?
Nervous system
What is the difference between the innate and adaptive immune systems?
The innate system provides a rapid response and the adaptive system provides a longer-term response
What type of disorders can occur when the immune system malfunctions?
Allergies and autoimmune disorders
What is the term for the long-term immunity that comes from the adaptive immune system?
Immunological memory
What is the term for the study of the immune system and its functions?
Immunology
What type of cells are involved in the immune response?
Leukocytes (white blood cells)
What is the term for the complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body?
Immune system
What type of molecules can bind to host proteins and trigger an allergic response?
Molecules that bind to host proteins
What type of immune response is characterized by IgE production and the release of histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins?
Type I Acute allergic response
Which type of medication is used to prevent degranulation and mediator release in allergic rhinitis?
Mast cell stabilizers
What is the primary function of adrenaline in the treatment of anaphylaxis?
To act as a bronchodilator
What type of immune response is characterized by immune complex excess and the activation of complement and enzyme release by polymorphs?
Type II Antibody mediated response
What type of medication is used to treat asthma and reduces inflammation?
Anti-inflammatory agents
Which type of cells are involved in the late-phase reaction of an allergic response?
Eosinophils, Neutrophils, and Lymphocytes
What type of medication is used to treat allergic conjunctivitis and prevents degranulation and mediator release?
Mast cell stabilizers
Study Notes
Immunology
- Immunology is the study of the immune system and its functions, playing a crucial role in maintaining health by defending against pathogens and potentially harmful substances.
Importance of Immunology
- The immune system can malfunction, leading to diseases such as allergies and autoimmune disorders.
Key Terms in Immunology
- Immune system: a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against harmful foreign substances.
- Innate immune system: provides a rapid response to infections.
- Adaptive immune system: provides a longer-term response that is specifically tailored to the invading pathogen.
- Cells: leukocytes (white blood cells), including neutrophils, macrophages, monocytes, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, lymphocytes (B cells and T cells).
- Tissues and organs: lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, bone marrow, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), gut-associated (GALT), bronchial associated (BALT), and skin-associated (SALT).
- Molecules: antibodies, cytokines, complement, and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules.
- Antigens: substances that stimulate an immune response, coming from bacteria, viruses, and other foreign substances.
Immune Response
- A complex process involving the activation of specific cells and the production of antibodies, regulated by signaling molecules and cytokines.
Vaccination
- A way to prevent or reduce the severity of infectious diseases by triggering an immune response to specific antigens without causing the disease itself.
Immune System Disorders
- The immune system can malfunction, leading to health conditions such as allergies and autoimmune diseases (overactive immune system) or immunodeficiency disorders (underactive immune system).
Innate Immunity
- The body's first line of defense against pathogens, involving non-specific cells, physical and chemical barriers, inflammation, and the complement system.
Adaptive Immunity
- A longer-term response that is specifically tailored to the invading pathogen, involving the activation of specific immune cells and the production of antibodies.
Cells of the Immune System
- Leukocytes (white blood cells): formed by haematopoiesis in bone marrow, including neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, and lymphocytes (B cells and T cells).
Immune Cascade
- A series of reactions that occur in the body in response to a foreign substance, involving the activation, recruitment, and action of various immune cells and molecules.
Immune System Disorders
- An overactive immune system can lead to allergies and autoimmune diseases, while an underactive immune system can result in immunodeficiency disorders.
Hypersensitivity
- Types of hypersensitivity: I (acute, allergic, anaphylactic, immediate, reaginic), II (antibody-mediated, cytotoxic), III (antigen-antibody complex-mediated), and IV (cell-mediated, delayed, tuberculin-type).
- Medications for allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, asthma, and anaphylaxis.
Note: I've broken down the text into sections using markdown headings and used concise bullet points to summarize the key facts.
Learn about the immune system, its role in health, and its components. This quiz covers the basics of immunology, including terminology, functions, and importance in health and disease.
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