Immunology Flashcards Assignment 9
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Questions and Answers

The ability of a specific immune cell to proliferate and form many generations of nearly identical cells is called __________.

clonality

The characteristic of adaptive immunity by which the adaptive immune response acts against one molecular shape and no others is called __________.

specificity

Which of the following statements regarding the lymphatic system is FALSE?

  • Lymphatic vessels drain excess fluids from tissues.
  • Lymphatic fluid is moved by contraction of lymphatic vessels. (correct)
  • Lymphatic system is part of the circulatory system.
  • Lymphatic vessels transport immune cells.

    • Which of the following is NOT included in the MALT?

    <p>The spleen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The majority of T cells that leave the thymus will have which of the following characteristics?

    <p>They are able to recognize MHC and do not recognize autoantigens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a component of a B cell receptor but NOT a T cell receptor?

    <p>light chains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An adaptive immune response to the protozoan that causes malaria is problematic because

    <p>red blood cells do not produce MHC and, therefore, do not display the fact that they have been infected by presenting antigen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the most variable region of an antibody molecule?

    <p>Fab region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Class I MHC molecules are essential for?

    <p>presentation of endogenous antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Class II MHC are found on?

    <p>professional antigen-presenting cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Exogenous antigens are processed for immune recognition by ________ cells.

    <p>dendritic and macrophage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result when a dendritic cell phagocytizes a microbe and processes it?

    <p>display of microbial epitope-MHC II complexes on the cell surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Clonal deletion of developing T lymphocytes takes place in which location(s) in the body?

    <p>The thymus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A single B lymphocyte can recognize multiple antigenic determinants.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The antibody-binding site of an antibody is made up of?

    <p>the variable regions of both light and heavy chains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following does NOT contain MHC II on its surface?

    <p>Red blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The type of immunoglobulin illustrated in the figure is (17)

    <p>IgM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements regarding antibody function is FALSE?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The most prevalent type of antibody in the blood is?

    <p>IgG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes IgM antibodies?

    <p>They are the most common type of antibody in the blood during the initial phases of an immune response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Immature B lymphocytes undergo clonal deletion in the bone marrow.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements concerning plasma cells is FALSE?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Enhanced immune responses to subsequent exposures to an antigen to which the body has already been exposed are known as ________ responses.

    <p>memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure do antigen presenting cells utilize to directly help them present bacterial antigens?

    <p>Phagolysosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are likely to be found on an MHC-I protein?

    <p>Damaged Mitochondrial fragment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would a virally infected skin epithelial cell have on its cell surface?

    <p>Class I MHC with skin cell antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following would you likely see on the surface of a human dendritic cell following phagocytosis of a bacterium?

    <p>Class I MHC with dendritic cell antigens and Class II MHC with engulfed bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tom has a genetic disorder in which he does not synthesize class I MHC proteins or functional NK cells. Which of the following statements would be true for Tom?

    <p>Tom would not be able to destroy virally-infected cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Antigen processing and presentation?

    <p>is a way for a cell to give information about its activities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why would a body cell that is not a phagocyte need to present antigens?

    <p>Non-phagocytic body cells can become infected and need to alert the immune system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Clonality and Specificity

    • Clonality refers to the ability of specific immune cells to proliferate, creating many identical cells.
    • Specificity in adaptive immunity means responses are targeted against particular molecular shapes.

    Lymphatic System and MALT

    • Lymphatic vessels do not contract; they rely on external forces to move lymphatic fluid.
    • The spleen is not part of Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT).

    T Cells and B Cell Receptors

    • Most T cells exiting the thymus recognize Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) and do not react to autoantigens.
    • Light chains are unique components of B cell receptors, absent in T cell receptors.

    Malaria and Immune Response

    • The malaria-causing protozoan infects red blood cells (RBCs). RBCs lack MHC, making adaptive immune responses difficult as they cannot present antigens.

    Antibody Structure

    • The Fab region is the most variable part of an antibody molecule.
    • Class I MHC molecules present endogenous antigens, while Class II MHC molecules are found on professional antigen-presenting cells.

    Antigen Processing

    • Exogenous antigens are recognized by dendritic cells and macrophages.
    • Dendritic cells display microbial epitopes as MHC II complexes after processing pathogens.

    T Lymphocyte Development

    • Clonal deletion of developing T lymphocytes occurs in the thymus.
    • A single B lymphocyte is limited to recognizing one specific antigenic determinant.

    Antibody Function and Types

    • Antibodies bind using the variable regions of both light and heavy chains.
    • Red blood cells do not express MHC II on their surface.
    • IgG is the most abundant antibody type in blood, while IgM predominates during the initial immune response.

    Memory Responses and Plasma Cells

    • Memory responses enhance immunity upon re-exposure to previously encountered antigens.
    • Plasma cells do not persist as long-term memory cells.

    Antigen Presentation Mechanisms

    • Phagolysosomes aid antigen-presenting cells in displaying bacterial antigens.
    • MHC-I proteins can carry damaged mitochondrial fragments as part of their function.

    Implications of Class I MHC Deficiency

    • A person lacking class I MHC proteins and functional natural killer (NK) cells would struggle to destroy virally infected cells.

    Importance of Antigen Presentation

    • Non-phagocytic cells present antigens to inform the immune system about their activities and any potential infections.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on immunology concepts such as clonality and specificity with these flashcards. This quiz covers essential terms and characteristics related to the adaptive immune response. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of immunology.

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