Immunology Quiz on Adaptive Immunity
99 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

MHC displays foreign peptides to activate ______ cells.

T-helper

The generation of diversity allows lymphocytes to theoretically bind to any ______.

antigen

Mature ______ cells are responsible for producing antibodies.

B

Clonal selection results in the formation of effector cells and ______ cells.

<p>memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

The major antigen presenting cell is the ______.

<p>DCs</p> Signup and view all the answers

Antigen presenting cells include Dendritic cells, Macrophages, and ______.

<p>B-cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) is crucial for presenting antigen on a ______ protein.

<p>SELF</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lymphocytes include B-cells, plasma cells, antibodies, and ______.

<p>T-cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

The concept of diversity is important in adaptive ______.

<p>immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

Adaptive immunity involves a ______ strategy for detecting foreign proteins.

<p>detection</p> Signup and view all the answers

Dendritic cells, macrophages, and B-cells are considered ______ APC.

<p>professional</p> Signup and view all the answers

MHC Class I is found on all ______ cells in vertebrates.

<p>nucleated</p> Signup and view all the answers

The principal players in the adaptive immune system are ______.

<p>lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Activated B-cells become ______ cells and secrete antibodies.

<p>plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

T-helper cells express the glycoprotein ______ and recognize MHC Class II.

<p>CD4</p> Signup and view all the answers

MHC restriction refers to the ______ that must be met for T-cell recognition.

<p>conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

B-cell receptors (BCR) are membrane-bound ______.

<p>antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ratio of CD4+ to CD8+ T-cells is typically ______:1.

<p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

The concept of presenting antigen on a SELF protein helps in the process of ______ within the immune system.

<p>recognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

To maintain tolerance to self-proteins, MHC displays a self peptide in Class 1 and 2 to test T-cells for ______.

<p>autoreactivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the clonal selection of lymphocytes, some cells differentiate into ______ cells that remain in the body for long-term immunity.

<p>memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the collaboration between innate and adaptive immunity, the first step involves a ______ response to the introduced pathogen.

<p>phagocytic</p> Signup and view all the answers

Dendritic cells, macrophages, and B-cells are examples of antigen presenting ______.

<p>cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

The generation of diversity in lymphocytes allows for many combinations to be formed before the ______ ones are deleted.

<p>incorrect</p> Signup and view all the answers

Dendritic cells make contact with pathogens and communicate to ______ in lymph nodes.

<p>T-cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

B-cells mature in the ______.

<p>bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

The self receptor for professional antigen presenting cells is ______.

<p>Class II</p> Signup and view all the answers

T-cells express a unique antigen binding receptor known as ______.

<p>TcR</p> Signup and view all the answers

Non-professional antigen presenting cells utilize ______ as their self receptor.

<p>Class I</p> Signup and view all the answers

Activated B-cells lose their cell surface and become ______ cells.

<p>plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

T-helper cells recognize antigens presented by ______ class MHC.

<p>Class II</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ratio of CD4+ to CD8+ T-cells is approximately ______:1.

<p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do antigen presenting cells (APCs) play in adaptive immunity?

<p>They present foreign antigens using SELF receptors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What component is essential for the recognition of antigens by T-cells?

<p>Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of lymphocyte is primarily responsible for helping activate other immune cells?

<p>Helper T-cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of diversity in the adaptive immune system?

<p>It ensures that every pathogen can be targeted by specific lymphocytes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In adaptive immunity, what is the primary indicator that a T-cell can recognize an antigen?

<p>Interaction with a self receptor displaying a foreign peptide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of MHC Class I in the immune system?

<p>To display self peptides indicating a healthy cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process allows lymphocytes to develop a diverse range of antigen recognition?

<p>Random generation of recognition molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the collaboration between innate and adaptive immunity, which step involves the activation of T and B cells?

<p>Presentation in lymph nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What types of cells do mature B cells develop into after activation?

<p>Effector cells and memory cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do dendritic cells primarily contribute to the adaptive immune response?

<p>By engaging with pathogens and presenting antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of molecules are B-cell receptors (BCR)?

<p>Membrane-bound antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of dendritic cells in the immune system?

<p>To present antigens to T-cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes MHC Class I molecules?

<p>Present antigens to CD8 T-cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate difference in lifespan between activated B-cells and plasma cells?

<p>Activated B-cells: 1-2 weeks, Plasma cells: days</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells primarily have the role of presenting antigens to T-cells?

<p>Dendritic cells and professional APCs</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do T cytotoxic (TC) cells differentiate from T-helper (TH) cells?

<p>By recognizing antigens presented on Class 1 MHC</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of professional antigen presenting cells (APCs)?

<p>To present processed antigens for T-cell recognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

What feature distinguishes professional APCs from non-professional APCs?

<p>Ability to ingest and process antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for detecting a SELF protein in combination with a foreign protein during the adaptive immune response?

<p>To monitor the internal health of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major role of Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) in adaptive immunity?

<p>Presenting foreign antigens to specific T-cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic differentiates professional antigen presenting cells (APCs) from non-professional APCs?

<p>Only professional APCs present antigens to T-cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of adaptive immunity is primarily influenced by the diversity of lymphocytes?

<p>The ability to recognize a wide range of antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the adaptive immune response, which cells are primarily involved in the initial detection of foreign proteins?

<p>Antigen presenting cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of MHC Class I molecules in the immune response?

<p>To present self peptides signaling that the cell is healthy</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the process of clonal selection in lymphocytes?

<p>It includes differentiation into effort cells and the formation of specific memory cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the collaboration between innate and adaptive immunity, at which step do lymphocytes receive activation signals?

<p>Upon the transfer to lymph nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the generation of diversity among lymphocytes?

<p>It is based on the random generation of recognition molecules followed by negative selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true regarding the role of dendritic cells in adaptive immunity?

<p>They act as the main antigen presenting cells, initiating T and B cell activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells recognize antigens presented by MHC Class I molecules?

<p>T cytotoxic (TC) cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protein is primarily responsible for identifying self in professional antigen presenting cells?

<p>MHC Class II</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of chemokines and cytokines secreted by dendritic cells?

<p>Attract and activate immune cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of immunity do dendritic cells link together?

<p>Innate and adaptive immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which organ do T-cells mature?

<p>Thymus</p> Signup and view all the answers

The process by which lymphocytes generate a diverse range of antigen receptors is known as ______ generation.

<p>random</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes professional antigen presenting cells (APCs) from non-professional APCs?

<p>Expression of Class II MHC molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate lifespan of activated B-cells compared to plasma cells?

<p>Shorter lifespan</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of T-cells primarily express CD4 glycoprotein?

<p>T-helper (TH) cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

Activated T and B cells continue interactions in the lymph node for differentiation and ______ of lymphocytes.

<p>proliferation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Dendritic cells are considered the major ______ presenting cell.

<p>antigen</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) is essential for presenting antigen on a ______ protein.

<p>SELF</p> Signup and view all the answers

In adaptive immunity, T-cells that help activate other immune cells are known as ______ cells.

<p>Helper</p> Signup and view all the answers

Antigen presenting cells (APCs) include dendritic cells, macrophages, and ______.

<p>B-cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

The primary role of dendritic cells in the immune system is to present antigens to ______ cells.

<p>T</p> Signup and view all the answers

The diversity of lymphocytes is important for enabling responses to a wide variety of ______.

<p>antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

Dendritic cells connect with pathogens and communicate to ______ in lymph nodes.

<p>T-cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

MHC Class II is primarily associated with ______ antigen presenting cells.

<p>professional</p> Signup and view all the answers

T cytotoxic (TC) cells recognize antigens bound to ______ Class 1.

<p>MHC</p> Signup and view all the answers

The receptor/antigen binding site on cells is part of the Major ______ Complex.

<p>Histocompatibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

Humans possess about ______ trillion lymphocytes circulating in their body.

<p>1</p> Signup and view all the answers

Activated B-cells lose their cell surface and convert into ______ cells.

<p>plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) in adaptive immunity?

<p>To present foreign antigens to immune cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the nature of antigen presenting cells (APCs) in adaptive immunity?

<p>APCs display peptides derived from proteins on their surface to activate T-cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do T-cells differentiate into their functional subsets in response to an antigen?

<p>They require signal transduction from antigen presenting cells and cytokines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of adaptive immunity, what is meant by the term 'self receptor'?

<p>A receptor that allows for discrimination between self and non-self proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary outcome of the collaboration between innate and adaptive immunity after a pathogen is introduced?

<p>Activation and proliferation of lymphocytes with specific recognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes the function of dendritic cells in the immune response?

<p>They activate T and B cells by presenting antigens in lymph nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do lymphocytes achieve diversity in recognizing antigens?

<p>By favoring a random generation of recognition molecules and eliminating non-specific ones</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do memory cells play in the adaptive immune system?

<p>They provide immediate response for future encounters with the same pathogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant characteristic of MHC Class II molecules in relation to T-helper cells?

<p>They display foreign peptides and are crucial for the activation of T-helper cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about professional antigen presenting cells (APCs) is true?

<p>They include dendritic cells, macrophages, and B-cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of MHC Class I molecules?

<p>To present self and foreign antigens to all nucleated cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic best distinguishes oxidized professional antigen presenting cells from non-professional antigen presenting cells?

<p>They can process and present antigens exclusively via Class II MHC.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significant outcome of dendritic cells interacting with pathogens?

<p>They facilitate the activation and attraction of immune cells through chemokines and cytokines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate ratio of CD4+ T helper cells to CD8+ T cytotoxic cells in a healthy immune system?

<p>2:1</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do B-cells transform after activation?

<p>They become plasma cells and secrete antibodies instead.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature is exclusive to T cytotoxic (TC) cells compared to T-helper (TH) cells?

<p>Expression of CD8 glycoprotein.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process does 'MHC restriction' refer to in T-cell recognition?

<p>The need for T-cells to recognize antigens presented by the correct MHC type.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Adaptive Immunity Lecture Notes

  • Lecture 3: Introduction to immune system, November 14, 2024
  • Learning Outcomes:
    • Introduction to cells and molecules in adaptive immunity
    • Differences between innate and adaptive immunity
    • Antigen presentation on self proteins to another cell
    • Importance of diversity in adaptive immunity
    • Understanding the role of "time" (memory) in adaptive immunity
  • Adaptive Immunity Explained:
    • Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as dendritic cells, macrophages, and B-cells are vital.
    • These cells display antigens using major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, which are critical for T cell recognition.
    • Lymphocytes – including B-cells, plasma cells, antibodies, and T-cells (helper and cytotoxic) – are key.
    • Diversity is essential for recognizing a wide array of pathogens.
    • Memory is an important component of the adaptive immune response.
  • Innate vs. Adaptive Immunity Comparison:
    • Innate: Response time is from minutes to hours. Specialized for general responses, limited diversity. Components include barriers, phagocytes, and pattern recognition molecules. Repetitive exposure shows no difference in response.
    • Adaptive: Response time is days. Highly diverse, adapting to improve with each exposure. Components include lymphocytes, antigen-specific receptors, and antibodies. Highly specialized response with each subsequent exposure.
  • Lymphocytes:
    • Major players in the adaptive immune system
    • Account for 20-40% of white blood cells (WBCs)
    • ~99% of cells in the lymph
    • Circulate at ~1 trillion cells
    • Three main types: B-cells, T-cells, and Natural Killer (NK) cells.
  • B-Cells and Plasma Cells:
    • Mature in the bone marrow (BM)
    • Synthesize and display B-cell receptors (BCRs) which include membrane-bound antibodies (~15,000-30,000 per cell).
    • Each B-cell has a unique antibody type.
    • Activated B-cells become plasma cells which lose cell-surface receptors and begin secreting antibodies (200-1000 molecules/second).
    • Lifespan is 1-2 weeks.
  • T-Cells:
    • Mature in the thymus
    • Display unique T-cell receptors (TCRs) that recognize processed antigens bound to MHC molecules (important for recognizing 'self').
    • Divided into types:
      • Helper T-cells (Th cells) recognize MHC class II molecules
      • Cytotoxic T-cells (Tc cells) recognize MHC class I molecules.
    • CD4+ to CD8+ ratio is approximately 2:1
  • Antigen Presenting Cells:
    • Many cell types act as professional and non-professional antigen presenting cells (APCs) to present antigen to other cells.
    • Professional APCs include dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages, and B cells (MHC Class II).
    • Non-professional APCs are other nucleated cells (MHC Class I)
  • Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC):
    • Proteins that present antigens to T cells
    • Found on cell membranes
    • Genetically diverse
    • Class I: Found on all nucleated cells
    • Class II: Found on professional APCs (DCs, macrophages, B cells)
  • MHC Restriction: The conditions necessary for T cell activation, i.e. the T cell receptor must recognize the peptide on the MHC molecule, so the conditions must be right.
    • Correct MHC-peptide combination is necessary for T cell activation.
  • Importance of MHC:
    • Critical for immune system to distinguish between healthy and infected cells and to test T-cells for autoreactivity and maintaining tolerance to self-proteins
    • Foreign peptides must be presented on MHC molecules for proper recognition.
  • Generation of Diversity:
    • Random generation of recognition molecules
    • Each lymphocyte has multiple receptors of one specificity
    • Enormous diversity allows the body to bind virtually any antigen.
  • Clonal Selection:
    • Lymphocytes recognize the specific antigen and proliferate
    • This process generates effector cells to deal with the pathogen
    • Some lymphocytes remain as memory cells for more effective subsequent responses.
  • Collaboration Between Innate and Adaptive Immunity:
    • A critical link between the two systems
    • Pathogens are recognized and presented to appropriate T and B cells in lymph nodes.
    • Activated lymphocytes proliferate and differentiate.
    • Antibody production and memory cell generation are pivotal.
  • Summary of Adaptive Immunity:
    • Diverse for antigen recognition.
    • Antigen presentation by APCs (especially DCs) is necessary.
    • Antibody production is critical.
    • Memory cells are for future responses.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Immunology Lecture 3 2024 PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on adaptive immunity with this quiz, focusing on essential concepts such as lymphocytes, antigen-presenting cells, and the role of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC). This quiz is designed to challenge your understanding of the immune system's mechanisms and diversity. Get ready to dive deep into the function of B-cells, T-cells, and more!

More Like This

18.2
232 questions

18.2

RewardingOlive avatar
RewardingOlive
Adaptive Immunity Overview
10 questions

Adaptive Immunity Overview

CelebratedDandelion avatar
CelebratedDandelion
Antigen Presentation: Linking Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems
12 questions

Antigen Presentation: Linking Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems

LuxuriousChiasmus avatar
LuxuriousChiasmus
Adaptive Immunity Overview
20 questions

Adaptive Immunity Overview

ExcellentSagacity3877 avatar
ExcellentSagacity3877
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser