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Questions and Answers
The classical complement pathway is activated by:
The classical complement pathway is activated by:
- Lipopolysaccharides
- Viruses
- Antigen-antibody complexes (correct)
- Bacterial cell wall components
All of the following are characteristics of complement components except:
All of the following are characteristics of complement components except:
- Involvement in immune response
- Activation through a cascade
- Present as active enzymes (correct)
- Formation of membrane attack complexes
All of the following are true of the recognition unit except:
All of the following are true of the recognition unit except:
- It recognizes antibodies
- It initiates complement activation
- It binds to pathogen surfaces
- Clq becomes active esterase (correct)
Which is referred to as C3 convertase?
Which is referred to as C3 convertase?
Mannose-binding protein in the lectin pathway is most similar to which classical pathway component?
Mannose-binding protein in the lectin pathway is most similar to which classical pathway component?
Which of the following describes the role of properdin in the alternative pathway?
Which of the following describes the role of properdin in the alternative pathway?
Which best characterizes the membrane attack complex?
Which best characterizes the membrane attack complex?
All of the following represent functions of the complement system except:
All of the following represent functions of the complement system except:
Which of the following is true of the amplification loop in complement activation?
Which of the following is true of the amplification loop in complement activation?
Factor H acts by competing with which of the following for the same binding site?
Factor H acts by competing with which of the following for the same binding site?
A lack of CRI receptors on red blood cells would result in which of the following?
A lack of CRI receptors on red blood cells would result in which of the following?
A lack of CR2 on cell membranes would result in which of the following?
A lack of CR2 on cell membranes would result in which of the following?
Why is complement not activated with anti-Rh (D) antibodies?
Why is complement not activated with anti-Rh (D) antibodies?
The CH50 test measures which of the following?
The CH50 test measures which of the following?
Which of the following would be most effective in preventing bystander lysis of red blood cells?
Which of the following would be most effective in preventing bystander lysis of red blood cells?
Decreased CH50 levels may be caused by:
Decreased CH50 levels may be caused by:
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Study Notes
Complement Pathways
- Classical complement pathway activation occurs through antigen-antibody complexes.
- Mannose-binding protein in the lectin pathway functions similarly to Clq in the classical pathway.
Characteristics of Complement Components
- Contrary to some beliefs, complement components are not always present as active enzymes.
- The recognition unit does not activate Clq as an esterase.
C3 Convertase
- C3 convertase can be designated as C4b2a, C3bBb, or iC3Bb, indicating multiple forms exist.
Properdin and Membrane Attack Complex
- Properdin plays a crucial role in the alternative pathway by stabilizing C3/C5 convertase.
- The membrane attack complex (MAC) is characterized by C9 polymerizing to form a transmembrane channel.
Functions of the Complement System
- The complement system enhances the clearance of antigen-antibody complexes rather than decreases it.
- Amplification loops in complement activation involve multiple factors, highlighting the system's efficiency.
Binding Sites and Immune Complex Clearance
- Factor H competes with factor B for the same binding site, impacting complement activation.
- A lack of CRI receptors on red blood cells results in insufficient clearance of immune complexes by the spleen.
- Absence of CR2 on cell membranes can lead to decreased antibody production.
Anti-Rh Antibodies and Complement Activation
- The presence of anti-Rh (D) antibodies does not activate the complement system due to the spatial arrangement of Rh antigens on red blood cells.
CH50 Test
- The CH50 test assesses overall complement activity, providing insight into the complement system's functionality.
Prevention of Bystander Lysis
- Decay Accelerating Factor (DAF) is effective in preventing bystander lysis of red blood cells.
CH50 Levels
- Decreased CH50 levels can stem from various factors, indicating potential issues within the complement system.
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