Immunology Chapter 16 Review Questions
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Questions and Answers

Which type of immunity/immune response handles intracellular antigens?

  • Both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses
  • Humoral immune response
  • Cell-mediated immune response (correct)
  • Innate immune response

What is the main role of the thymus in immunity?

  • Production of antibodies
  • Production of red blood cells
  • Maturation of T cells (correct)
  • Maturation of B cells

Which immunoglobulin class is the most abundant in the entire body?

  • IgG
  • IgE
  • IgA (correct)
  • IgM

What is the relationship between plasma cells, B cells, and antibodies?

<p>B cells differentiate into plasma cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do Tc cells kill on contact?

<p>By inducing apoptosis in target cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between natural immunity and artificial immunity?

<p>Artificial immunity is acquired through vaccination, while natural immunity is not (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the process by which a disease develops?

<p>Pathogenesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between commensalism and mutualism?

<p>Commensalism benefits both organisms involved. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Koch's postulates, what is the purpose of fulfilling all four postulates?

<p>To establish causation between a microorganism and a disease. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Differentiate between a symptom and a sign.

<p>Symptoms are felt by the patient while signs are observed by others. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes an endemic disease from an epidemic disease?

<p>Endemic diseases occur at a higher frequency in a specific population or region. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does biological arthropod transmission differ from mechanical arthropod transmission?

<p>Biological arthropod transmission involves the pathogen replicating within the arthropod vector. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is a thrombocyte not a cell?

<p>It lacks a nucleus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Differentiate between phagosome and phagolysosome.

<p>Phagosome is the cellular structure formed after phagocytosis, while phagolysosome is a phagosome fused with lysosomes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define interferon and identify the cells that produce interferons and anti-viral proteins.

<p>Interferon is a protein that inhibits viral replication, produced by infected cells, and anti-viral proteins are made by T cells. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the difference between chills, fever, and crisis, and the correct order in which they occur during an infection.

<p>Fever is the first response, followed by chills that precede a crisis of increased body temperature. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

List three ways that microbes can evade phagocytosis.

<p>Inducing apoptosis in phagocytes, escaping from phagosomes, and inhibiting chemotaxis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the two families of leukocytes and their functions without focusing on their numerical abundance.

<p>One family comprises granulocytes like basophils that release histamine, while the other contains lymphocytes responsible for memory immunity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between LD50 and lethality & potency of the toxin?

<p>As LD50 decreases, lethality decreases and potency increases. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is antigenic variation and how does it contribute to pathogenicity?

<p>Antigenic variation is when an organism changes its surface antigens to evade detection by the host immune system. It contributes to pathogenicity by promoting immune system evasion. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Differentiate between toxin, toxoid, and antitoxin.

<p>Toxin is a substance produced by pathogens that harms the host. Toxoid is a modified, less toxic form of a toxin used in vaccines. Antitoxin is a protein that neutralizes toxins. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a nationally notifiable disease and list 2 STD examples from Table 14.6 that are nationally notifiable diseases.

<p>Nationally notifiable disease is one that must be reported to health authorities. Examples include Chlamydia and Gonorrhea. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the mechanism of pathogenicity including adherence, penetration/evasion, damage to the host, and exit.

<p>Pathogenicity comprises attaching to host tissues, evading immune responses, inducing harm, and exiting the host to find new hosts. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

List 5 examples of adherence factors (adhesins) and include an example of a bacterium for each.

<p>Pili (fimbriae) - E. coli; Glycocalyx - Streptococcus mutans; Lipoteichoic acid - Staphylococcus aureus; M protein - Mycobacterium tuberculosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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