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Questions and Answers
Which type of lymphocyte is involved in nonspecific immune defense?
Which type of lymphocyte is involved in nonspecific immune defense?
Phagocytosis is a specific immune response.
Phagocytosis is a specific immune response.
False
What is the term for the process by which B cells produce many identical antibody-producing cells?
What is the term for the process by which B cells produce many identical antibody-producing cells?
Clonal expansion
The production of antibodies starts when B cells are exposed to free, or extracellular, ______________________.
The production of antibodies starts when B cells are exposed to free, or extracellular, ______________________.
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What is the second most abundant antibody in serum?
What is the second most abundant antibody in serum?
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Match the following immunoglobulins with their functions:
Match the following immunoglobulins with their functions:
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Normal flora helps protect the body from pathogens.
Normal flora helps protect the body from pathogens.
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cellular immunity?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cellular immunity?
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Treg cells can produce TNF-alpha.
Treg cells can produce TNF-alpha.
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What is the role of Tregs in the immune system?
What is the role of Tregs in the immune system?
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The ability of an organism to resist infections by pathogens is called ____________________
The ability of an organism to resist infections by pathogens is called ____________________
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Match the following types of vaccines with their characteristics:
Match the following types of vaccines with their characteristics:
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Which of the following vaccines are used for preventing viral diseases?
Which of the following vaccines are used for preventing viral diseases?
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Recombinant vaccines need a cell or animal host to grow the vaccine's microbe.
Recombinant vaccines need a cell or animal host to grow the vaccine's microbe.
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Who developed the first vaccine against Rabies virus?
Who developed the first vaccine against Rabies virus?
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Study Notes
Phagocytosis and Fever
- Phagocytosis is a process that involves four main phases: chemotaxis, adherence, ingestion, and digestion.
- The release of histamine, kinins, and prostaglandins causes phagocytosis and fever.
Innate Immune Cells
- Macrophages, eosinophils, dendritic cells, and NK cells are all innate immune cells.
- Monocytes, neutrophils, and mast cells are also innate immune cells.
Nonspecific Chemical Barriers
- Lysozyme in saliva is an example of a nonspecific chemical barrier to infection.
Normal Flora
- Normal flora help protect the body from pathogens by competing with them for space and resources.
Nonspecific Immune Defense
- NK cells are involved in nonspecific immune defense.
- Neutrophils are capable of phagocytosis.
- Phagocytic cells are cells that ingest pathogens.
Antibody Production
- Production of antibodies starts when B cells are exposed to free, or extracellular, antigens.
- B cells can carry at least 100,000 identical immunoglobulin molecules embedded in their surface membranes.
Immunoglobulins
- IgA and IgM are two immunoglobulin classes that have a J chain.
- Opsonins are any substances that promote phagocytosis of antigens by binding to them.
- Clonal expansion is the phenomenon of selective proliferation of B cells in response to their interaction with an antigen.
- IgA is the second most abundant antibody.
- IgE is the immunoglobulin that mediates allergic reactions.
- The order of percentage of total immunoglobulin in serum is IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, IgD.
Antigen-Presenting Cells (APCs)
- Activated macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells are all APCs that process the antigen and present it on their surface together with an MHC molecule.
Tregs
- Tregs control the immune response to self and foreign particles and help prevent autoimmune disease by suppressing T cells that escape deletion in the thymus.
- Tregs do not produce TNF-alpha.
- A deficiency in Tregs could result in autoimmunity.
Cellular Immunity
- Cellular immunity is characterized by the activity of T cells, not B cells.
- M cells are not lymphocytes.
Vaccines
- Recombinant vaccines and DNA vaccines do not need a cell or animal host to grow the vaccine's microbe.
- MMR and DTP are examples of vaccines used to prevent viral diseases.
- It is acceptable to give a live attenuated viral vaccine to children under 8 years of age.
- Immunity is the ability of an organism to resist infections by pathogens.
- Vaccination is a method of active immunization.
- The first vaccine developed by Louis Pasteur was against the rabies virus.
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Description
Test your knowledge of immunology and immune system concepts, including phagocytosis, histamine, and innate immune cells.
