Immunology and Immune System Quiz

Questions and Answers

Which type of lymphocyte is involved in nonspecific immune defense?

Dendritic cells

NK cells (correct)

B cells

T cells

Phagocytosis is a specific immune response.

False

What is the term for the process by which B cells produce many identical antibody-producing cells?

Clonal expansion

The production of antibodies starts when B cells are exposed to free, or extracellular, ______________________.

antigens Signup and view all the answers

What is the second most abundant antibody in serum?

IgA Signup and view all the answers

Match the following immunoglobulins with their functions:

IgA = Found in mucosal surfaces and provides protection against infections IgE = Involved in allergic reactions IgG = Provides long-term immunity and is passed from mother to fetus IgM = First antibody produced in response to an infection Signup and view all the answers

Normal flora helps protect the body from pathogens.

True Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cellular immunity?

B cells make antibodies Signup and view all the answers

Treg cells can produce TNF-alpha.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Tregs in the immune system?

Tregs control the immune response to self and foreign particles and help prevent autoimmune disease Signup and view all the answers

The ability of an organism to resist infections by pathogens is called ____________________

Immunity Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of vaccines with their characteristics:

Inactivated killed vaccines = use microbes that have been killed Recombinant vaccines = do not need a cell or animal host to grow the vaccine's microbe Live attenuated vaccines = use weakened forms of the microbe Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following vaccines are used for preventing viral diseases?

Both A and B Signup and view all the answers

Recombinant vaccines need a cell or animal host to grow the vaccine's microbe.

False Signup and view all the answers

Who developed the first vaccine against Rabies virus?

Louis Pasteur Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Phagocytosis and Fever

Phagocytosis is a process that involves four main phases: chemotaxis, adherence, ingestion, and digestion.
The release of histamine, kinins, and prostaglandins causes phagocytosis and fever.

Innate Immune Cells

Macrophages, eosinophils, dendritic cells, and NK cells are all innate immune cells.
Monocytes, neutrophils, and mast cells are also innate immune cells.

Nonspecific Chemical Barriers

Lysozyme in saliva is an example of a nonspecific chemical barrier to infection.

Normal Flora

Normal flora help protect the body from pathogens by competing with them for space and resources.

Nonspecific Immune Defense

NK cells are involved in nonspecific immune defense.
Neutrophils are capable of phagocytosis.
Phagocytic cells are cells that ingest pathogens.

Antibody Production

Production of antibodies starts when B cells are exposed to free, or extracellular, antigens.
B cells can carry at least 100,000 identical immunoglobulin molecules embedded in their surface membranes.

Immunoglobulins

IgA and IgM are two immunoglobulin classes that have a J chain.
Opsonins are any substances that promote phagocytosis of antigens by binding to them.
Clonal expansion is the phenomenon of selective proliferation of B cells in response to their interaction with an antigen.
IgA is the second most abundant antibody.
IgE is the immunoglobulin that mediates allergic reactions.
The order of percentage of total immunoglobulin in serum is IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, IgD.

Antigen-Presenting Cells (APCs)

Activated macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells are all APCs that process the antigen and present it on their surface together with an MHC molecule.

Tregs

Tregs control the immune response to self and foreign particles and help prevent autoimmune disease by suppressing T cells that escape deletion in the thymus.
Tregs do not produce TNF-alpha.
A deficiency in Tregs could result in autoimmunity.

Cellular Immunity

Cellular immunity is characterized by the activity of T cells, not B cells.
M cells are not lymphocytes.

Vaccines

Recombinant vaccines and DNA vaccines do not need a cell or animal host to grow the vaccine's microbe.
MMR and DTP are examples of vaccines used to prevent viral diseases.
It is acceptable to give a live attenuated viral vaccine to children under 8 years of age.
Immunity is the ability of an organism to resist infections by pathogens.
Vaccination is a method of active immunization.
The first vaccine developed by Louis Pasteur was against the rabies virus.