Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is immunohematology primarily concerned with?
What is immunohematology primarily concerned with?
The first recorded blood transfusion was performed on Pope Innocent VIII in 1492.
The first recorded blood transfusion was performed on Pope Innocent VIII in 1492.
True
Who discovered the circulation of blood?
Who discovered the circulation of blood?
William Harvey
In the year _____, Richard Lower performed the first recorded successful blood transfusion.
In the year _____, Richard Lower performed the first recorded successful blood transfusion.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following individuals with their contributions to immunohematology.
Match the following individuals with their contributions to immunohematology.
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT an area intimately related to immunohematology?
Which of the following is NOT an area intimately related to immunohematology?
Signup and view all the answers
Research in immunohematology has only contributed to transfusion medicine.
Research in immunohematology has only contributed to transfusion medicine.
Signup and view all the answers
What significant event occurred in 1658 related to blood transfusion?
What significant event occurred in 1658 related to blood transfusion?
Signup and view all the answers
Who performed the first successful transfusion of human blood to a patient?
Who performed the first successful transfusion of human blood to a patient?
Signup and view all the answers
Philip Syng Physick published his findings on blood transfusion immediately after his procedure.
Philip Syng Physick published his findings on blood transfusion immediately after his procedure.
Signup and view all the answers
In what year did James Blundell perform the first successful blood transfusion?
In what year did James Blundell perform the first successful blood transfusion?
Signup and view all the answers
Blundell used blood from the patient's _____ as the donor for the transfusion.
Blundell used blood from the patient's _____ as the donor for the transfusion.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following individuals with their contributions to blood transfusion:
Match the following individuals with their contributions to blood transfusion:
Signup and view all the answers
What was the primary reason for prohibiting animal blood transfusions to humans?
What was the primary reason for prohibiting animal blood transfusions to humans?
Signup and view all the answers
James Blundell performed a total of ten transfusions during his practice.
James Blundell performed a total of ten transfusions during his practice.
Signup and view all the answers
What did James Blundell propose to improve transfusion techniques?
What did James Blundell propose to improve transfusion techniques?
Signup and view all the answers
Who was the first to perform a successful whole blood transfusion to treat hemophilia?
Who was the first to perform a successful whole blood transfusion to treat hemophilia?
Signup and view all the answers
Karl Landsteiner discovered blood group A in 1901.
Karl Landsteiner discovered blood group A in 1901.
Signup and view all the answers
What method did Alexis Carrel devise to prevent clotting during blood transfusions?
What method did Alexis Carrel devise to prevent clotting during blood transfusions?
Signup and view all the answers
The first example of blood preservation research was recommended by _____ in 1869.
The first example of blood preservation research was recommended by _____ in 1869.
Signup and view all the answers
In what year did Ludvig Hektoen suggest cross-matching blood to improve transfusion safety?
In what year did Ludvig Hektoen suggest cross-matching blood to improve transfusion safety?
Signup and view all the answers
The terms 'universal donor' and 'universal recipient' were coined by Roger Lee.
The terms 'universal donor' and 'universal recipient' were coined by Roger Lee.
Signup and view all the answers
What does 'cross-matching' refer to in blood transfusions?
What does 'cross-matching' refer to in blood transfusions?
Signup and view all the answers
Who introduced a citrate-glucose solution that allows for blood storage for several days?
Who introduced a citrate-glucose solution that allows for blood storage for several days?
Signup and view all the answers
Edward Lindeman was responsible for using sodium citrate as an anticoagulant.
Edward Lindeman was responsible for using sodium citrate as an anticoagulant.
Signup and view all the answers
Who is credited with creating the first blood bank?
Who is credited with creating the first blood bank?
Signup and view all the answers
The first hospital blood bank in the United States was established by __________.
The first hospital blood bank in the United States was established by __________.
Signup and view all the answers
What method did Edwin Cohn develop to isolate blood components for clinical use?
What method did Edwin Cohn develop to isolate blood components for clinical use?
Signup and view all the answers
The MNSs and P antigen systems were discovered between 1927 and 1947.
The MNSs and P antigen systems were discovered between 1927 and 1947.
Signup and view all the answers
In what year did Albert Hustin report the use of sodium citrate as an anticoagulant?
In what year did Albert Hustin report the use of sodium citrate as an anticoagulant?
Signup and view all the answers
Who was appointed as the director of the first American Red Cross Blood bank?
Who was appointed as the director of the first American Red Cross Blood bank?
Signup and view all the answers
Isodor Ravdin used Cohn's albumin to treat victims of the Pearl Harbor attack.
Isodor Ravdin used Cohn's albumin to treat victims of the Pearl Harbor attack.
Signup and view all the answers
What formula was introduced for preservative use in blood in 1943?
What formula was introduced for preservative use in blood in 1943?
Signup and view all the answers
In 1964, _________ was introduced as a means of collecting plasma for fractionation.
In 1964, _________ was introduced as a means of collecting plasma for fractionation.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following years with their significant events in blood transfusion history:
Match the following years with their significant events in blood transfusion history:
Signup and view all the answers
What improved preservative solution was introduced in 1957?
What improved preservative solution was introduced in 1957?
Signup and view all the answers
The FDA required blood bags to be labeled as either 'paid' or 'volunteer' in 1972.
The FDA required blood bags to be labeled as either 'paid' or 'volunteer' in 1972.
Signup and view all the answers
Which testing began in 1971 for donated blood?
Which testing began in 1971 for donated blood?
Signup and view all the answers
What significant advancement for blood storage occurred in 1983?
What significant advancement for blood storage occurred in 1983?
Signup and view all the answers
The first test to detect HIV was implemented in blood banks in 1985.
The first test to detect HIV was implemented in blood banks in 1985.
Signup and view all the answers
What is one of the main functions of blood in the body?
What is one of the main functions of blood in the body?
Signup and view all the answers
The pH of blood in the body typically ranges from _____ to _____ .
The pH of blood in the body typically ranges from _____ to _____ .
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following years with their related advancements in blood banking:
Match the following years with their related advancements in blood banking:
Signup and view all the answers
How many liters of blood does a typical adult have?
How many liters of blood does a typical adult have?
Signup and view all the answers
Blood does not play a role in regulating the body temperature.
Blood does not play a role in regulating the body temperature.
Signup and view all the answers
Name one of the Philippine laws related to blood banking.
Name one of the Philippine laws related to blood banking.
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Immunohematology
- Immunohematology is the study of antigens on blood cells, their genetics, biochemistry, and molecular components.
- It's closely related to transfusion medicine, involving the properties and reactions of blood components.
- Immunologists conduct serologic and molecular tests for diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of transfusion and pregnancy issues, and organ transplants.
- Research in this field has advanced our understanding of human genetics, immunology, membrane physiology, function, anthropology, and forensic science.
History of Immunohematology
- 1492: First recorded blood transfusion attempt on Pope Innocent VIII, though unsuccessful and fatal.
- 1628: William Harvey discovered blood circulation.
- 1658: Jan Swammerdam described red blood cells.
- 1665: Richard Lower carried out the first successful dog-to-dog blood transfusion.
- 1667: Jean-Baptiste Denis and Richard Lower successfully transfused blood between animals and humans, which was later prohibited due to complications.
- 1795: Philip Syng Physick performed a human blood transfusion (unpublished).
- 1818: James Blundell performed the first successful human blood transfusion for postpartum hemorrhage, developing transfusion instruments.
- 1840: Samuel Armstrong Lane, with consulting physician Dr. Blundell, performed the first successful whole-blood transfusion to treat hemophilia.
- 1867: Joseph Lister started using antiseptics to control infections during transfusions.
- 1869: Research on nontoxic anticoagulants began, with sodium phosphate being an early example.
- 1901: Karl Landsteiner discovered the first three blood groups (A, B, and C; later changed to O).
- 1907: Landsteiner's colleagues, Alfred Decastello and Adriano Sturli identified blood type AB.
- 1908: Alexis Carrel developed a vein-to-vein blood transfusion technique. Further advancements included Carlos Moreschi's description of the antiglobulin reaction.
- 1912: Roger Lee and Paul Dudley White developed the Lee-White clotting time protocol; group O safety for transfusion was confirmed.
- 1913: Edward Lindeman used multiple syringes and a special cannula for vein-to-vein transfusions and Lester J. Unger designed a syringe-valve apparatus.
- 1914: Albert Hustins used sodium citrate as an anticoagulant.
- 1915: Richard Lewisohn determined the minimum amount of citrate needed for blood anticoagulation.
- 1916: Francis Rous and J.R. Turner introduced citrate-glucose solution for longer blood storage.
- 1927-1947: discovery of additional blood groups (MNSs, P).
- 1937: Bernard Fantus established the first hospital blood bank in the US (Chicago).
- 1939-1940: Karl Landsteiner, Alexander Wiener, Philip Levine, and R. E. Stetson discovered the Rh Blood group system.
- 1940: Edwin Cohn developed cold ethanol fractionation for isolating blood components (Albumin, gamma globulin, fibrinogen).
- 1941: Charles Drew established the first American Red Cross Blood Bank.
- 1943: Loutit and Mollison of England developed the ACD (Acid-Citrate Dextrose) preservative formula; Beeson described transfusion-transmitted hepatitis.
- 1945: Coombs, Mourant, and Race described ways to use antiglobulin testing to identify incomplete antibodies; ABO blood typing and syphilis testing added quality assurance steps.
- 1947: ABO blood typing and syphilis testing was added to blood components.
- 1950: Audrey Smith used glycerol as a cryoprotectant (for red blood cells); Walter and Murphy made plastic bags for blood collection.
- 1953: Development of blood collection refrigerated centrifuges.
- 1957: Gibson introduced CPD (citrate-phosphate-dextrose) preservative solution.
- 1961: Platelet concentrates were recognized.
- 1964: Plasmaphareses was used to collect plasma.
- 1969: Murphy and Gardner refined platelet storage procedures.
- 1970: Blood banks transitioned to become volunteer-based; use of blood storage banks.
- 1971: Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) testing for donated blood began
- 1972: Apheresis (selective component extraction) was implemented.
- 1978: FDA mandated blood bag labeling (paid / volunteer).
- 1981: First AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) case.
- 1983: Additive solution enhanced red blood cell shelf-life.
- 1984: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) identification and implementation of HIV testing were pivotal.
- 1985: First HIV blood screening tests.
- 1992: HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibody testing for blood donors was introduced.
- 2002: Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAT) for HIV and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) are licensed.
General Blood Functions, Red Blood Cells, and Preservation
- Blood volume, pH, and components impact immunohematological procedures and transfusion therapies.
- Blood functions include oxygen/carbon dioxide transport, nutrient/waste transfer, pH/temperature regulation, and disease protection (immunity).
- Red blood cell preservation methods and procedures are critical for blood banks.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
This quiz delves into the study of immunohematology, covering the antigens on blood cells, their genetic and biochemical aspects, and their relevance to transfusion medicine. It also explores pivotal historical milestones, such as early blood transfusion attempts and discoveries in blood circulation. Test your knowledge on this vital field of study!
