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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the body's immune defenses?
What is the term used to describe the lack of immunity to diseases?
Which of the following is a function of first-line defenses?
What is the primary function of second-line defenses?
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What enables microorganisms to infect humans?
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What is the outcome if microorganisms were never resisted by the host?
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What is the primary function of the first-line defenses in innate immunity?
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What is the main component of the epidermis in direct contact with the external environment?
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Which of the following is NOT a physical factor of the skin that helps remove microbes?
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What is the role of Natural Killer cells in innate immunity?
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What is the main difference between innate immunity and adaptive immunity?
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Which of the following is a second-line defense in innate immunity?
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Study Notes
Immunity
- Immunity is the ability to prevent or resist disease caused by microbes or their products and to protect against environmental agents such as pollen, chemicals, and animal dander.
Lines of Immune Defenses
- Innate immunity includes first-line defenses that keep pathogens on the outside or neutralize them before infection begins.
- Innate immunity also includes second-line defenses that slow or contain infections when first-line defenses fail.
First-Line Defenses
- Skin is a physical barrier that prevents microbes from entering the body.
- Mucous membranes trap and remove microbes from the body's surface.
- Normal microbiota competes with pathogens for space and resources, preventing infection.
Second-Line Defenses
- Phagocytes and Natural Killer (NK) cells attack and destroy infected cells and cancer cells.
- Inflammation enhances cytokine activity and combats infection.
- Fever enhances cytokine activity and combats infection.
- Antimicrobial substances help remove microbes from the body.
Adaptive Immunity
- Third-line defenses include lymphocytes that target specific pathogens for destruction.
- Adaptive immunity includes a memory component that allows the body to more effectively respond to that same pathogen in the future.
Innate Immunity Characteristics
- Innate immunity is present at birth and provides rapid responses to protect against disease.
- Innate immunity does not involve recognition of a specific microbe.
- Innate immunity has no memory response.
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Description
Learn about the concept of immunity, its mechanisms, and how it defends against microorganisms and environmental agents. Discover the virulence factors that enable microorganisms to infect humans.
