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Immunity and Immunology Basics

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of the immune system?

To maintain a balance between self and non-self (correct)

To produce antibodies against specific pathogens

To provide a constant defense against all microorganisms

To attack all foreign substances indiscriminately

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the nonspecific immune response?

Acts as the first line of defense against pathogens

Provides resistance to any microorganism or foreign material

Involves mechanisms inherited as part of the innate structure

Exhibits immunological memory and responds more strongly over time (correct)

What is the primary function of the skin in the nonspecific immune response?

To trap and destroy invading microorganisms

To produce antimicrobial chemicals like lysozyme

To signal the adaptive immune system to mount a response

To form a mechanical barrier against microbial invasion (correct)

Which layer of the skin is responsible for producing keratin?

The epidermis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the term 'nonspecific' in the context of the innate immune response?

It means the response is not directed against a specific pathogen (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does the nonspecific immune response differ from the adaptive immune response?

The nonspecific response is the same each time, while the adaptive response becomes stronger (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the skin's slightly acidic pH?

To provide a protective barrier against microorganisms (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the mucous membranes in the body's defense against microbial invasion?

They provide a physical barrier that traps and prevents the penetration of microorganisms (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which the respiratory system defends against microbial invasion?

The air-filtration system of the upper and lower respiratory tracts traps and removes most inhaled microorganisms (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which the gastrointestinal tract defends against microbial invasion?

The acidic gastric juice (pH 2-3) kills most microorganisms and their toxins (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the tears (lacrimal fluid) in the eye's defense against microbial invasion?

The continuous flushing action of tears physically removes microorganisms from the eye (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of lysozyme, lactoferrin, and sIgA in the eye's defense against microbial invasion?

They have antimicrobial properties that directly kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms (A) Signup and view all the answers