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Questions and Answers
What is the function of antimicrobial proteins (AMPs) derived from epithelial cells?
What is the function of antimicrobial proteins (AMPs) derived from epithelial cells?
What is the role of Opsonins in the immune response?
What is the role of Opsonins in the immune response?
Which of the following is classified as a soluble Pathogen Recognition Receptor (PRR)?
Which of the following is classified as a soluble Pathogen Recognition Receptor (PRR)?
Which type of immunoglobulin is predominantly found in the lower respiratory tract?
Which type of immunoglobulin is predominantly found in the lower respiratory tract?
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What is the main function of Collectins in the immune system?
What is the main function of Collectins in the immune system?
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What happens when Complement encounters an inactive microbe in the blood?
What happens when Complement encounters an inactive microbe in the blood?
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What is the main function of Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs)?
What is the main function of Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs)?
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Which type of cells are involved in the recognition of PAMPs through Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs)?
Which type of cells are involved in the recognition of PAMPs through Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs)?
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What are the main components involved in the innate immunity system?
What are the main components involved in the innate immunity system?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of Pattern Recognition Receptor (PRR) mentioned in the text?
Which of the following is NOT a type of Pattern Recognition Receptor (PRR) mentioned in the text?
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How do Cytokines contribute to the immune response?
How do Cytokines contribute to the immune response?
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Which protein binds carbohydrates with terminal mannose and fucose, activates Complement, and promotes Opsonisation by Phagocytosis?
Which protein binds carbohydrates with terminal mannose and fucose, activates Complement, and promotes Opsonisation by Phagocytosis?
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Which protein activates Opsonisation by Alveolar Macrophages in the lungs and is lipophilic in nature?
Which protein activates Opsonisation by Alveolar Macrophages in the lungs and is lipophilic in nature?
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Which of the following is a rapid diagnostic indicator for blood infection and binds bacteria and fungi, activating Complement by binding C1q?
Which of the following is a rapid diagnostic indicator for blood infection and binds bacteria and fungi, activating Complement by binding C1q?
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Which microbial pattern recognition receptor senses microbial components like PGN, TA, LTA, and LPS?
Which microbial pattern recognition receptor senses microbial components like PGN, TA, LTA, and LPS?
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Which type of microbial component is recognised by TLR2 among the options provided?
Which type of microbial component is recognised by TLR2 among the options provided?
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Which protein recognises phosphorylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine on bacterial membranes exposed on apoptotic cells?
Which protein recognises phosphorylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine on bacterial membranes exposed on apoptotic cells?
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Study Notes
Antimicrobial Proteins (AMPs)
- Epithelial cell-derived AMPs create a microbicidal shield that damages microorganisms prior to attachment and invasion
- Examples of AMPs include lysozyme, lactoferrin, defensins, and collectins
Lysozyme
- Breaks down peptidoglycan in bacterial cell walls
Lactoferrin
- Binds iron, limiting its availability to pathogens
Defensins
- Soluble pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize and bind to microorganisms
- Activate complement and enhance phagocytosis by macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells
Complement System
- Activated by pathogen recognition and antibody-bound microbes
- Complement proteins (C1q, C2b, C4b, etc.) react with C3 and C5
- Leads to cell membrane destruction and immune cell attraction
Collectins
- Collagen-like proteins that recognize and bind to microorganisms
- Examples include surfactant protein A (SP-A) and surfactant protein D (SP-D) in the lung
- Activate opsonization by alveolar macrophages
Pentraxins
- Include C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid P (SAP), and long pentraxin PTX3
- Recognize phosphorylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine on bacterial membranes and apoptotic cells
- Activate complement and enhance phagocytosis by neutrophils and macrophages
Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs)
- Repeating polymers (subunits) of peptidoglycan, teichoic acid, and lipopolysaccharide
- Recognized by pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs)
Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs)
- Recognize microbial components (PAMPs) and activate immune response
- Examples include TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9, which recognize bacterial cell walls, lipopeptides, and nucleic acids
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Description
Test your knowledge on innate host response to pathogens with a focus on recognition mechanisms such as antimicrobial proteins (AMPs) and Pathogen Recognition Receptors (PRRs). This quiz is based on the lecture by Dr. John Mac Sharry from the School of Microbiology at UCC.
