41 Questions
What is the molecule that stimulates an immune response?
Antigen
Which type of immune system is non-specific?
Innate immune system
What specialized protein tags antigens for destruction?
Antibody
What type of immune defense depends on the action of antibodies?
Humoral immunity
Which white blood cells directly kill infected cells?
T cells
What type of immune defense involves the destruction of foreign cells by T cells?
Cell-mediated Immunity
What is the term for a disease-causing organism?
Pathogen
What is the term for the antibody-producing white blood cells?
B cells
What is the immune response where the body attacks itself?
Autoimmune disorder
What is the immune response where the body cannot generate appropriate immune responses against invading microorganisms?
Immunodeficiency disorder
What is the immune response where the body generates an excessive immune response to often harmless foreign antigens and damages normal tissues?
Allergic reaction
What is the term for a molecule that contains the antigens of a pathogen and induces an immune response?
Vaccine
What are the primary lymphatic organs?
Red bone marrow and thymus gland
Which system provides feverishly fast defense within minutes and without memory of previous pathogens?
Innate immune system
What is the function of the complement system?
Activation of inflammation, opsonization of pathogens, and direct killing of target cells/microbes by lysis
How many pathways are there for the complement system?
Two: classical and alternative
What is the role of antigens in the immune response?
Stimulate an immune response
Which cells are activated by antibodies?
Lymphocytes, including B cells and T cells
What is the main function of B cells in the immune system?
Production of antibodies
What is the primary function of T cells in the immune system?
Cell-mediated immunity
Which immune system response involves the recognition of 'non-self' by the immune system?
Adaptive immune response
What is the term for protection against infection?
Immunity
Which organs are considered secondary lymphatic organs?
Lymph nodes and spleen
What is the coordinated reaction of the immune system against infections known as?
Immune response
What does the spleen remove in the immune system?
Old or damaged Red blood cells
What happens if the spleen doesn't work properly?
It may remove healthy blood cells
All of these are part of the innate immune system EXCEPT:
Cellular Immunity
Cellular Immunity and Humoral Immunity are part of the Adaptive Immune System
True
Which system does not have defenses againts a pathogen but has a guard against all infection?
Innate Immune System
Mention the physical barriers involved in the Innate Immune System
Epidermis of skin Mucous membrane Mucous secretion Tears Saliva Urine Defecation and vomiting
Which of these physical barriers in the immune system acts as barriers?
Epidermis of skin and mucous membrane
Mention the chemical barriers involved in the innate immune system
Sebum Gastric juice Vaginal secretions Lysozymes
Mention the inflammatory cells in the innate immune system
Mast cells Neutrophil Macrophages Natural killer cells (cytokines)
Which type of lymphocytes does the cell mediated response of the adaptive immune system release?
T lympochytes
Which type of lymphocytes does the humoral mediated response of the adaptive immune system release?
B lymphocytes
What is the external first line of defense in the innate immune system?
Physical and chemical barriers
What is the internal secondary line of defense?
Inflammatory response
All of these are functions of the complement system EXCEPT ONE
Recognizes an invadign organism
Which receptor is seen in Phagocytosis and Opsonization?
C3b
Which receptor is seen in Cytolysis?
C5b
What is the name that identifies the cells that belong in the body and carry specific markers?
Self
Study Notes
Understanding the Immune System
- The immune system is a complex collection of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against invading organisms such as pathogens, substances, and abnormal cells.
- It must accurately distinguish "self" from "non-self" and is crucial for maintaining overall health and wellbeing by preventing infections and promoting quick recovery.
- Immunity refers to protection against infection, and the coordinated reaction of the immune system against infections is known as the immune response.
- The primary lymphatic organs are the red bone marrow and thymus gland, while the secondary ones include lymph nodes and the spleen.
- The immune system is designed to defend the body against various invaders, including microorganisms, cancer cells, and transplanted organs and tissues.
- The innate immune system provides feverishly fast defense within minutes, without memory of previous pathogens, and is not directed against any specific pathogen.
- It includes external (first line) defenses like physical and chemical barriers, and internal (secondary line) defenses involving an inflammatory response and the recognition of invading organisms by phagocytes and the complement system.
- The complement system functions include the activation of inflammation, opsonization of pathogens, and direct killing of target cells/microbes by lysis.
- There are two pathways for the complement system: classical, triggered directly by a pathogen, and alternative, triggered by C3b opsonizing and killing pathogens.
- The adaptive immune response is activated when pathogens bypass innate immune defense and involves the recognition of "non-self" by the immune system, leading to cellular and chemical defenses against it.
- Antigens are substances that recognize pathogens and stimulate an immune response, and the immune system responds by producing antibodies that attach to the antigen to destroy the pathogen.
- Cells activated by antibodies are lymphocytes, including B cells and T cells, and the immune system uses humoral and cell-mediated immunity to combat pathogens.
Test your knowledge of the immune system with this quiz. Explore topics such as innate and adaptive immunity, lymphatic organs, complement system pathways, and the role of antigens and antibodies in defending the body against pathogens.
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