Immune System Overview

True (A)

Histamines cause vasodilation, increase vascular permeability, and attract immune cells.

<p>tears</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fever = Increased body temperature to enhance immune function Natural killer cells = Cells that provide rapid responses to virus-infected cells Non-specific phagocytosis = Engulfing and destroying pathogens regardless of type Complement = Proteins that aid in lysis and inflammation of pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Innate immune system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heat, Redness, Swelling, Pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Natural Killer Cells = Destroy virus-infected cells Complement = Enhances the ability to clear microbes Histamine = Increases blood flow to an injury site Prostaglandins = Mediates fever response</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decrease the risk of organ rejection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prostaglandin-E2</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>B lymphocytes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To interfere with virus production and infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>vasodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kinins = Increase vascular permeability Prostaglandins = Cause smooth muscle relaxation Complement = Promote phagocytosis Leukotrienes = Attract neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Involves T lymphocytes and targets infected cells. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>thymus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Leucocytes work better with increased temperature (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eliminate pathogens through phagocytosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>PGE2</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Macrophages = Phagocytosis of pathogens Natural Killer Cells = Targeting infected self-cells Neutrophils = Rapid response to infection Dendritic Cells = Antigen presentation to T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Binding of PRRs to PAMPs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Perforins and granzymes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A series of reactions where each component activates the next, leading to destruction of pathogens.

Proteins that create holes in bacterial membranes, causing them to burst.

Chemicals released by immune cells, causing blood vessels to widen and become more permeable, facilitating immune cell movement.

Enzyme found in bodily fluids that breaks down bacterial cell walls.

A natural defense mechanism that helps trap and remove pathogens from the body.

The immune system's first line of defense against pathogens. It includes physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes, as well as chemical defenses like sebum and sweat.

A complex process triggered by tissue damage or infection. It involves a series of steps to neutralize pathogens and repair damaged tissue.

Specialized white blood cells that engulf and destroy pathogens. They are a key component of the innate immune system.

A type of lymphocyte that kills infected cells and tumor cells without needing prior exposure to a specific antigen. They are part of the innate immune system.

A cascade of proteins that can directly kill pathogens or enhance other immune responses. They are a key part of the innate immune system.

A group of chemicals released during inflammation that cause pain and fever. They also contribute to immune cell recruitment.

A type of protein that induces fever by resetting the body's temperature set point in the hypothalamus.

Fever is a natural defense mechanism that raises body temperature to fight off infection. It increases the efficiency of leukocytes while hindering the growth of some bacteria.

Fever can have negative consequences, including potential brain damage and general discomfort.

Phagocytosis is a non-specific immune response where specialized cells engulf and destroy pathogens.

Macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells are types of phagocytic cells that eliminate pathogens by engulfing them.

Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) are found on phagocytes and recognize Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs) on pathogens. This recognition triggers phagocytosis and the release of cytokines and cytotoxins.

MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex) is a group of genes that encode proteins found on the surface of cells. MHC-1 is present on most cells, with specific proteins unique to an individual. MHC-2 is primarily expressed on immune cells.

A group of plasma proteins that enhance the inflammatory response by increasing vascular permeability, releasing histamine, activating kinins, lysing cells, promoting phagocytosis, and attracting immune cells.

A group of lipids, produced by mast cells, that cause smooth muscle relaxation, vasodilation, increase vascular permeability, and stimulate pain receptors.

A group of lipids, primarily produced by mast cells and basophils, that cause prolonged smooth muscle contraction, especially in the lungs, increase vascular permeability, and attract neutrophils and eosinophils.

Chemicals (like cytokines) released by neutrophils, monocytes, and other cells, that stimulate fever production.

A protein produced by cells in response to viral infection, interfering with viral replication and spreading.

A type of adaptive immune response that involves the production of antibodies by B lymphocytes, targeting specific antigens.

A type of adaptive immune response that involves T lymphocytes directly attacking infected cells or cancer cells.

The adaptive immune response is a targeted, slower, but powerful type of immunity with memory. It is different from the innate response, which is non-specific and immediate.