Immune System Modulation & Microbiome Therapy

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Questions and Answers

What percentage of daily host energy requirement is provided by the gut microbiota?

  • 10-15%
  • 15-20%
  • 5-10% (correct)
  • 1-2%

Which of the following is NOT a function of the gut microbiota?

  • Modifying drugs
  • Producing neurotransmitters
  • Breaking down bile salts
  • Synthesizing proteins (correct)

What is the approximate number of microbial genes in the fecal microbiome?

  • 99 million
  • 1 million
  • 990 million
  • 9.9 million (correct)

Which phylum is NOT one of the two major phyla in the gut microbiota?

<p>Proteobacteria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by the gut microbiota?

<p>Epithelial cell homeostasis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diseases is NOT associated with an imbalance in the gut microbiota?

<p>Trauma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the 7 themes discussed in the course?

<p>Exploring the current and future therapies and treatment options (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is the speaker in the introductory lecture 'The microbiome as target for therapy'?

<p>K. Lenaerts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the topic of the additional lecture in Week 7?

<p>Interaction between the immune system and nervous system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the title of the paper discussed in the journal club session?

<p>Intestinal microbiota-derived short chain fatty acids regulation of immune cell IL-22 production and gut immunity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the topic of the tutorial session in Week 7?

<p>Exploiting the gut microbiome to prevent and treat human disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many themes are discussed in the course?

<p>7 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of feeding Bacteroides fragilis in the Maternal immune activation (MIA) model?

<p>Ameliorated intestinal dysbiosis and restored mucosal barrier integrity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is associated with protection against, or development of childhood allergic disease?

<p>House dust microbiota (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of certain microbes in the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy?

<p>They enhance the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is integrated into an algorithm that predicts individualized postprandial glycemic responses?

<p>Clinical and microbiome factors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correlation between A.muciniphila abundance and overweight, obesity, and untreated type 2 diabetes mellitus?

<p>Negative correlation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a prebiotic, as defined by Gibson et al.?

<p>A substrate that is selectively utilized by host microorganisms conferring a health benefit (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a factor that contributes to gut microbiota composition?

<p>Early life (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the 12-week GOS supplementation study in overweight or obese, prediabetic men and women?

<p>There was a significant improvement in glucose metabolism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is associated with rapid and reproducible gut microbiota responses?

<p>Vegetable and meat-restricted diets (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of postprandial glycemic responses?

<p>They are associated with clinical and microbiome factors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism by which Bacteroides fragilis ameliorates intestinal dysbiosis and restores mucosal barrier integrity?

<p>Through the production of 4-ethylphenylsulphate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a result of oral supplementation or nasal exposure of mice to protective house dust?

<p>Prevention of airway sensitization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of fecal microbiota transplantation?

<p>To replace the entire microbial ecosystem in the intestine with the fecal matter of a healthy donor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a mixture of live microorganisms and substrate(s) that confers a health benefit on the host?

<p>Synbiotics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for which fecal microbiota transplantation has been introduced into routine clinical practice?

<p>Recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the publication that published the results of a small, open-label, randomized, controlled trial on fecal microbiota transplantation?

<p>New England Journal of Medicine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the authors who published a study on fecal microbiota transplantation in the New England Journal of Medicine?

<p>Van Nood et al. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the communication between the intestine and the immune system?

<p>Crosstalk intestine diet immunity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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