40 Questions
What is the primary function of Natural Killer Cells?
To recognize and eliminate virus-infected cells, malignant tumor cells, and transplanted bone marrow cells
Which type of immune response develops shortly after birth and during the first few months of life?
Acquired immunity
What is the primary function of Cytotoxic-T-cells?
To kill virus-infected cells and damaged cells
What is the name of the protein that Natural Killer Cells use to kill target cells?
Perforin
What is the term for the process by which B-cells transform into plasma cells?
Activation
What is the function of IgG antibodies?
To increase phagocytosis and directly attack microbes and toxins
What is the term for the specific immune response that becomes more efficient with repeated attacks?
Adaptive immunity
What is the name of the process by which millions of different antigen receptors are coded for?
Genetic recombination
What is the primary function of Helper-T-cells?
To help cytotoxic-T-cells and B-cells in the immune response
What is the term for the process by which B-cells recognize and bind to specific antigens?
Antigen binding
Which structure is responsible for producing lymphocytes and acting as a blood reservoir?
Spleen
What is the primary role of macrophages in the immune system?
Maintaining long-lasting infections and cleaning up tissue debris
Which part of the lymphatic system is responsible for filtering interstitial fluid and transporting white blood cells?
Lymph
Which component of the immune system fights pathogens through multilobed cells that engage in early stages of bacterial infections?
Neutrophils
Which immune defense involves the use of antibacterial enzymes present in saliva and tears?
First line of defense
Which factors can influence the immune response?
Age, prior response, sex, habitat, physical response
The primary roles of phagocytic white blood cells in the immune system are associated with which line of defense?
Second line of defense
Which phagocyte type is characterized by its large size and long life, playing a crucial role in clearing dead cells and large pathogens?
Macrophages
What type of molecules do mucous membranes trap to protect the body?
Microbes and dirt
How is lymph circulated within the lymphatic system?
Circulated semi-passively, dependent on contraction of lymph vessels
What is the primary function of the lymphatic system?
To filter out microbes and waste from interstitial fluid
Which type of phagocyte is characterized by its multilobed nucleus?
Neutrophil
What is the term for the non-specific defense mechanisms that provide immediate protection against infection?
Innate immunity
Which of the following is NOT a function of the spleen?
Regulating body temperature
What is the primary function of mucus in the immune system?
To trap and remove microbes and dirt from the body
Which of the following is an example of a non-specific defense mechanism?
The production of antimicrobial proteins in tears
Which of the following is NOT a function of macrophages?
Producing antibacterial enzymes
What is the primary function of stomach acid?
To kill bacteria through a low pH environment
Which of the following is an example of a secondary lymphoid organ?
Lymph nodes
What is the primary function of the lymph?
To filter out waste and transport white blood cells
Which of the following cells is responsible for killing cells that have lost MHC I molecules on their surface?
Natural Killer Cells
What is the primary function of histiocytes in connective tissues?
To engulf and digest foreign particles and microorganisms
Which of the following is a characteristic of antigen receptors?
They are expressed on the surface of B-cells and T-cells
Which of the following immune responses is characterized by the production of antibodies?
Antibody-mediated immunity
What is the function of IgA antibodies?
To work against bacterial toxins and directly attack some microbes
Which of the following is a characteristic of adaptive immunity?
It becomes more efficient with repeated attacks
Which of the following cells is responsible for helping cytotoxic-T-cells and B-cells in the immune response?
Helper-T-cells
What is the term for the process by which B-cells recognize and bind to specific antigens?
Antigen recognition
Which of the following is a characteristic of IgG antibodies?
They are involved in fighting antigen the second time it appears
Which of the following is a characteristic of the response mechanism of B-cells?
B-cells transform into plasma cells and secrete antibodies
Explore the immune system's defenses and factors that affect immune response. Learn about the role of primary and secondary lymphoid organs in fighting pathogens.
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