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Questions and Answers
When does the development of lymphoid organs and lymphoid cells begin?
When does the development of lymphoid organs and lymphoid cells begin?
- 7 days postpartum
- During pregnancy (correct)
- At birth
- 15 days postpartum
When does antibody production start in foetuses?
When does antibody production start in foetuses?
- 15 days postpartum
- 7 days postpartum (correct)
- During pregnancy
- At birth
When is immune competence attained in neonates?
When is immune competence attained in neonates?
- During pregnancy
- 15 days postpartum
- At birth
- After birth (correct)
What is the gestation period mentioned in the text?
What is the gestation period mentioned in the text?
What type of placenta is present in horses, cattle, and pigs?
What type of placenta is present in horses, cattle, and pigs?
What is the main reason for the vulnerability of neonates to infection?
What is the main reason for the vulnerability of neonates to infection?
What is the primary function of colostrum in postnatal transfer of immunity?
What is the primary function of colostrum in postnatal transfer of immunity?
What is the impact of maternal antibodies on neonatal vaccination?
What is the impact of maternal antibodies on neonatal vaccination?
When is immunity fully developed in most species?
When is immunity fully developed in most species?
What is the incubation time for stem cells?
What is the incubation time for stem cells?
When do IgA-positive B cells develop after hatching?
When do IgA-positive B cells develop after hatching?
What is the transfer of antibodies from the mother to the fetus/neonate called?
What is the transfer of antibodies from the mother to the fetus/neonate called?
What is the primary function of colostrum in postnatal transfer of immunity?
What is the primary function of colostrum in postnatal transfer of immunity?
What is the main reason for the vulnerability of neonates to infection?
What is the main reason for the vulnerability of neonates to infection?
What is the impact of maternal antibodies on neonatal vaccination?
What is the impact of maternal antibodies on neonatal vaccination?
When does the development of lymphoid organs and lymphoid cells begin?
When does the development of lymphoid organs and lymphoid cells begin?
When is immune competence attained in neonates?
When is immune competence attained in neonates?
What is the primary function of colostrum in postnatal transfer of immunity?
What is the primary function of colostrum in postnatal transfer of immunity?
What is the impact of maternal antibodies on neonatal vaccination?
What is the impact of maternal antibodies on neonatal vaccination?
What is the primary function of colostrum in postnatal transfer of immunity?
What is the primary function of colostrum in postnatal transfer of immunity?
When does antibody production start in foetuses?
When does antibody production start in foetuses?
When is immune competence attained in neonates?
When is immune competence attained in neonates?
What type of placenta is present in horses, cattle, and pigs?
What type of placenta is present in horses, cattle, and pigs?
When is immunity fully developed in most species?
When is immunity fully developed in most species?
What is the gestation period mentioned in the text?
What is the gestation period mentioned in the text?
When does the development of lymphoid organs and lymphoid cells begin?
When does the development of lymphoid organs and lymphoid cells begin?
What is the incubation time for stem cells?
What is the incubation time for stem cells?
What is the impact of maternal antibodies on neonatal vaccination?
What is the impact of maternal antibodies on neonatal vaccination?
What happens if a newborn receives only a single vaccination at 10 weeks of age?
What happens if a newborn receives only a single vaccination at 10 weeks of age?
What is the impact of maternal antibodies on neonatal vaccination?
What is the impact of maternal antibodies on neonatal vaccination?
When does immune competence develop in neonates?
When does immune competence develop in neonates?
What is the primary site for lymphocyte development?
What is the primary site for lymphocyte development?
When do antibodies start to be produced in foetuses?
When do antibodies start to be produced in foetuses?
What is the incubation time for stem cells?
What is the incubation time for stem cells?
When do IgA-positive B cells develop after hatching?
When do IgA-positive B cells develop after hatching?
What is the gestation period mentioned in the text?
What is the gestation period mentioned in the text?
What type of placenta is present in horses, cattle, and pigs?
What type of placenta is present in horses, cattle, and pigs?
When is immune competence attained in neonates?
When is immune competence attained in neonates?
What happens if a newborn receives only a single vaccination at 10 weeks of age?
What happens if a newborn receives only a single vaccination at 10 weeks of age?
What is the primary function of colostrum in postnatal transfer of immunity?
What is the primary function of colostrum in postnatal transfer of immunity?
What is the impact of maternal antibodies on neonatal vaccination?
What is the impact of maternal antibodies on neonatal vaccination?
What is the transfer of antibodies from the mother to the fetus/neonate called?
What is the transfer of antibodies from the mother to the fetus/neonate called?
What type of placenta is present in cats and dogs?
What type of placenta is present in cats and dogs?
What is the incubation time for stem cells?
What is the incubation time for stem cells?
When does antibody production start in foetuses?
When does antibody production start in foetuses?
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Study Notes
Development of Lymphoid Organs and Cells
- Development of lymphoid organs and lymphoid cells begins around 3-4 weeks of gestation.
- Stem cells incubate for 10-14 days before differentiating into lymphoid cells.
Immune Competence
- Immune competence is attained in neonates around 1-2 weeks after birth.
- Neonates are vulnerable to infection due to their underdeveloped immune system.
Antibody Production
- Antibody production starts in foetuses around 12-14 weeks of gestation.
Gestation Period
- The gestation period mentioned in the text is 280-300 days.
Placenta
- Horses, cattle, and pigs have a epitheliochorial placenta.
- Cats and dogs have an endothelial placenta.
Colostrum and Maternal Antibodies
- The primary function of colostrum in postnatal transfer of immunity is to provide maternal antibodies to the neonate.
- Maternal antibodies can interfere with neonatal vaccination, making it less effective.
- If a newborn receives only a single vaccination at 10 weeks of age, it may not be effective due to the presence of maternal antibodies.
Transfer of Antibodies
- The transfer of antibodies from the mother to the fetus/neonate is called passive immunity.
Lymphocyte Development
- The primary site for lymphocyte development is the lymphoid organs.
IgA-Positive B Cells
- IgA-positive B cells develop after hatching, around 2-3 weeks after birth.
Immunity Development
- Immunity is fully developed in most species after 1-2 years of age.
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