Questions and Answers
When does the development of lymphoid organs and lymphoid cells begin?
During pregnancy
When does antibody production start in foetuses?
7 days postpartum
When is immune competence attained in neonates?
After birth
What is the gestation period mentioned in the text?
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What type of placenta is present in horses, cattle, and pigs?
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What is the main reason for the vulnerability of neonates to infection?
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What is the primary function of colostrum in postnatal transfer of immunity?
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What is the impact of maternal antibodies on neonatal vaccination?
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When is immunity fully developed in most species?
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What is the incubation time for stem cells?
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When do IgA-positive B cells develop after hatching?
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What is the transfer of antibodies from the mother to the fetus/neonate called?
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What is the primary function of colostrum in postnatal transfer of immunity?
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What is the main reason for the vulnerability of neonates to infection?
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What is the impact of maternal antibodies on neonatal vaccination?
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When does the development of lymphoid organs and lymphoid cells begin?
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When is immune competence attained in neonates?
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What is the primary function of colostrum in postnatal transfer of immunity?
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What is the impact of maternal antibodies on neonatal vaccination?
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What is the primary function of colostrum in postnatal transfer of immunity?
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When does antibody production start in foetuses?
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When is immune competence attained in neonates?
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What type of placenta is present in horses, cattle, and pigs?
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When is immunity fully developed in most species?
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What is the gestation period mentioned in the text?
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When does the development of lymphoid organs and lymphoid cells begin?
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What is the incubation time for stem cells?
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What is the impact of maternal antibodies on neonatal vaccination?
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What happens if a newborn receives only a single vaccination at 10 weeks of age?
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What is the impact of maternal antibodies on neonatal vaccination?
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When does immune competence develop in neonates?
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What is the primary site for lymphocyte development?
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When do antibodies start to be produced in foetuses?
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What is the incubation time for stem cells?
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When do IgA-positive B cells develop after hatching?
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What is the gestation period mentioned in the text?
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What type of placenta is present in horses, cattle, and pigs?
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When is immune competence attained in neonates?
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What happens if a newborn receives only a single vaccination at 10 weeks of age?
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What is the primary function of colostrum in postnatal transfer of immunity?
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What is the impact of maternal antibodies on neonatal vaccination?
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What is the transfer of antibodies from the mother to the fetus/neonate called?
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What type of placenta is present in cats and dogs?
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What is the incubation time for stem cells?
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When does antibody production start in foetuses?
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Study Notes
Development of Lymphoid Organs and Cells
- Development of lymphoid organs and lymphoid cells begins around 3-4 weeks of gestation.
- Stem cells incubate for 10-14 days before differentiating into lymphoid cells.
Immune Competence
- Immune competence is attained in neonates around 1-2 weeks after birth.
- Neonates are vulnerable to infection due to their underdeveloped immune system.
Antibody Production
- Antibody production starts in foetuses around 12-14 weeks of gestation.
Gestation Period
- The gestation period mentioned in the text is 280-300 days.
Placenta
- Horses, cattle, and pigs have a epitheliochorial placenta.
- Cats and dogs have an endothelial placenta.
Colostrum and Maternal Antibodies
- The primary function of colostrum in postnatal transfer of immunity is to provide maternal antibodies to the neonate.
- Maternal antibodies can interfere with neonatal vaccination, making it less effective.
- If a newborn receives only a single vaccination at 10 weeks of age, it may not be effective due to the presence of maternal antibodies.
Transfer of Antibodies
- The transfer of antibodies from the mother to the fetus/neonate is called passive immunity.
Lymphocyte Development
- The primary site for lymphocyte development is the lymphoid organs.
IgA-Positive B Cells
- IgA-positive B cells develop after hatching, around 2-3 weeks after birth.
Immunity Development
- Immunity is fully developed in most species after 1-2 years of age.
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