Immune System Chapter 1

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Questions and Answers

What do humoral responses primarily target?

Bacteria that have infiltrated cells

The cell's mechanisms for producing viruses

Viruses floating in bodily fluids (correct)

Infected cells

Why is the humoral response insufficient against infected cells?

Because infected cells are harder to target

Because the humoral response is only effective against free-floating pathogens (correct)

Because infected cells are not producing viruses

Because the humoral response can't penetrate cell membranes

What happens to infected cells that are producing viruses?

They are left alone to continue producing viruses

They are repaired by the immune system

They are targeted by the humoral response

They are killed by the immune system (correct)

What is the main challenge in dealing with infected cells?

Killing the infected cells without harming the host Signup and view all the answers

Why is the cell-mediated response necessary?

To target infected cells that produce viruses Signup and view all the answers

What happens to bacteria that have infiltrated cells?

They are killed by the cell-mediated response Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the first line barriers in the nonspecific immune system?

To prevent the entry of foreign substances into the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the immune response that involves eating and killing foreign substances?

Phagocytosis Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells are responsible for the inflammatory response in the nonspecific immune system?

Phagocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the type of immune response that involves the recognition of specific pathogens?

Adaptive immunity Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the nonspecific immune system that allows it to respond to a wide range of pathogens?

It does not distinguish between different types of pathogens Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe cells that engulf and digest foreign substances?

Phagocytes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the nonspecific immune system?

It recognizes and responds to specific pathogens Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe white blood cells?

Leukocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of the nonspecific immune system?

It exists across many species and types of organisms Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the molecule that phagocytes present to the immune system?

Antigen presenting molecules Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the type of white blood cell that lymphocytes belong to?

Leukocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the organ where T lymphocytes mature?

Thymus Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the response in which B lymphocytes participate?

Humoral response Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the cells that help to amplify the humoral response?

Helper T cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason why the distinction between B and T lymphocytes is not immediately clear?

Because they are both types of leukocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the part of birds where B lymphocytes were first recognized?

Bursa of Fabricius Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the type of response in which cytotoxic T cells participate?

Cell mediated response Signup and view all the answers

What is the scope of the video that is being discussed?

Just the B lymphocytes Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nonspecific Immune System

The nonspecific immune system is the first line of defense, consisting of natural barriers (skin, stomach acid, acidity of skin oils) that prevent entry of foreign substances into the body.
Once foreign substances enter, the nonspecific immune system responds with an inflammatory response and phagocytosis (engulfing and destroying foreign substances) by phagocytes (dendritic cells, macrophages, neutrophils).

Specific Immune System

The specific immune system is also known as the adaptive immune system and is unique to humans and some other organisms.
It is based on exposure to specific substances and involves lymphocytes, which are a type of white blood cell (leukocyte).
Lymphocytes can be divided into B lymphocytes (B cells) and T lymphocytes (T cells).

Lymphocytes

Lymphocytes are white blood cells that play a crucial role in the specific immune system.
B lymphocytes (B cells) are produced in bone marrow and participate in the humoral response.
T lymphocytes (T cells) mature in the thymus and participate in the cell-mediated response.

B Lymphocytes (B Cells)

B cells are involved in the humoral response, which targets foreign substances in the body fluids (humoral fluids).
The humoral response is effective against viruses and bacteria that are floating in the body fluids and have not yet infiltrated cells.

Humoral Response

The humoral response involves the production of antibodies by B cells, which can neutralize or remove foreign substances from the body fluids.

Cell-Mediated Response

The cell-mediated response, involving T cells, is activated when foreign substances have infiltrated cells and are using cellular mechanisms to replicate.
The cell-mediated response involves the destruction of infected cells to prevent further replication of the foreign substance.

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Description

This quiz covers the basics of the immune system, focusing on the nonspecific or innate immune system and its first line barriers such as skin and stomach acid. Learn about the natural defenses of the human body!