Questions and Answers
What do humoral responses primarily target?
Why is the humoral response insufficient against infected cells?
What happens to infected cells that are producing viruses?
What is the main challenge in dealing with infected cells?
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Why is the cell-mediated response necessary?
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What happens to bacteria that have infiltrated cells?
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What is the primary function of the first line barriers in the nonspecific immune system?
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What is the term used to describe the immune response that involves eating and killing foreign substances?
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Which type of cells are responsible for the inflammatory response in the nonspecific immune system?
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What is the term used to describe the type of immune response that involves the recognition of specific pathogens?
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What is the characteristic of the nonspecific immune system that allows it to respond to a wide range of pathogens?
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What is the term used to describe cells that engulf and digest foreign substances?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the nonspecific immune system?
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What is the term used to describe white blood cells?
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What is the main characteristic of the nonspecific immune system?
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What is the name of the molecule that phagocytes present to the immune system?
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What is the term for the type of white blood cell that lymphocytes belong to?
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What is the name of the organ where T lymphocytes mature?
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What is the term for the response in which B lymphocytes participate?
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What is the name of the cells that help to amplify the humoral response?
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What is the reason why the distinction between B and T lymphocytes is not immediately clear?
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What is the name of the part of birds where B lymphocytes were first recognized?
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What is the term for the type of response in which cytotoxic T cells participate?
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What is the scope of the video that is being discussed?
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Study Notes
Nonspecific Immune System
- The nonspecific immune system is the first line of defense, consisting of natural barriers (skin, stomach acid, acidity of skin oils) that prevent entry of foreign substances into the body.
- Once foreign substances enter, the nonspecific immune system responds with an inflammatory response and phagocytosis (engulfing and destroying foreign substances) by phagocytes (dendritic cells, macrophages, neutrophils).
Specific Immune System
- The specific immune system is also known as the adaptive immune system and is unique to humans and some other organisms.
- It is based on exposure to specific substances and involves lymphocytes, which are a type of white blood cell (leukocyte).
- Lymphocytes can be divided into B lymphocytes (B cells) and T lymphocytes (T cells).
Lymphocytes
- Lymphocytes are white blood cells that play a crucial role in the specific immune system.
- B lymphocytes (B cells) are produced in bone marrow and participate in the humoral response.
- T lymphocytes (T cells) mature in the thymus and participate in the cell-mediated response.
B Lymphocytes (B Cells)
- B cells are involved in the humoral response, which targets foreign substances in the body fluids (humoral fluids).
- The humoral response is effective against viruses and bacteria that are floating in the body fluids and have not yet infiltrated cells.
Humoral Response
- The humoral response involves the production of antibodies by B cells, which can neutralize or remove foreign substances from the body fluids.
Cell-Mediated Response
- The cell-mediated response, involving T cells, is activated when foreign substances have infiltrated cells and are using cellular mechanisms to replicate.
- The cell-mediated response involves the destruction of infected cells to prevent further replication of the foreign substance.
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Description
This quiz covers the basics of the immune system, focusing on the nonspecific or innate immune system and its first line barriers such as skin and stomach acid. Learn about the natural defenses of the human body!