Body Compartments in Immune System

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of hematopoietic stem cells?

To produce only lymphoid cells

To produce only myeloid cells

To give rise to all blood cells (correct)

To produce only granulocytes

Which of the following cells are classified as agranulocytes?

Lymphocytes and monocytes (correct)

Eosinophil and basophil

Granulocytes and megakaryocytes

Macrophage and neutrophil

What is the difference between myeloid progenitors and lymphoid progenitors?

Myeloid progenitors produce only erythrocytes, while lymphoid progenitors produce only platelets

Myeloid progenitors produce granulocytes, macrophages, and monocytes, while lymphoid progenitors produce lymphocytes (correct)

Myeloid progenitors produce only granulocytes, while lymphoid progenitors produce only lymphocytes

Myeloid progenitors produce only macrophages, while lymphoid progenitors produce only NK cells

What is the function of the mononuclear phagocyte system?

To attack and ingest microbes Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the stem cell that can self-renew and commit to a progenitor cell?

CFU-GEMM Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the lymphatic system in the immune response?

To act as a drain-off system for the inflammatory response Signup and view all the answers

Where do lymphocytes mature and develop?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which blood cells are produced?

Hematopoiesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the thymus gland?

To mature and develop T cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of hematopoietic stem cells?

They can self-renew and differentiate into different cell types Signup and view all the answers

What is apoptosis?

Programmed cell death Signup and view all the answers

Which region of the lymph node is primarily responsible for the activation of T cells?

Paracortex Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the spleen?

Filtering blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the organized areas of lymphoid tissue along the digestive, respiratory, and urogenital tracts?

Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT) Signup and view all the answers

What type of cell is responsible for directly transferring pathogens across the mucosa?

Microfold cell (M cell) Signup and view all the answers

Which region of the lymph node is primarily responsible for the production of plasma cells and memory cells?

Germinal center Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the area of the spleen where antigens meet antigen-presenting cells (APCs)?

Marginal zone Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum molecular size required for a molecule to be considered immunogenic?

100,000 Da Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that determines the degree of foreignness of an antigen?

Phylogenetic distance Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a hapten?

Can elicit an immune response on its own Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of adjuvants in immunogenicity?

To increase the immunogenicity of an antigen Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that determines the route of administration for an antigen?

Slow release Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of administering a low dose of an antigen?

Induction of tolerance Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the host's genotype in immunogenicity?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Body Compartments that Participate in the Immune System

The bloodstream, mononuclear phagocyte system, and lymphatic system are the three body compartments that participate in the immune system.

Hematopoiesis

Hematopoiesis is the production of blood cells.
All blood cells arise from Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSC).
HSCs are the 'mother' of all blood cells and can self-renew.
HSCs can differentiate into two main types of cells: myeloid and lymphoid progenitors.
Myeloid progenitors can differentiate into granulocytes, macrophages, monocytes, erythrocytes, megakaryocytes, eosinophils, and basophils.
Lymphoid progenitors can differentiate into lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.

Hematopoietic Homeostasis

Erythrocytes have an average life span of 120 days and are phagocytosed by macrophages in the spleen.
White Blood Cells (WBCs) have a life span of 1 day to 20-30 years.
Apoptosis is a programmed cell death that contributes to hematopoietic homeostasis.

Mononuclear Phagocyte System

The mononuclear phagocyte system is a network of connective tissue fibers and cells surrounding organs.
It is inhabited by phagocytic cells that are ready to attack and ingest microbes that have passed the first line of defense.

Lymphatic System

The lymphatic system provides an auxiliary route for the return of extracellular fluid to the circulatory system.
It acts as a drain-off system for the inflammatory response.
It renders surveillance, recognition, and protection against foreign material.

Lymphoid Tissues and Organs

Lymphoid tissues and organs can be classified into primary and secondary lymphoid organs.
Primary lymphoid organs are responsible for the development and maturation of lymphocytes, whereas secondary lymphoid organs are responsible for the activation of mature lymphocytes.

Primary Lymphoid Organs

The thymus is a primary lymphoid organ responsible for T cell development and maturation.
It induces the death of T cells that cannot recognize self-MHC molecules or interact with MHC molecules too strongly.

Secondary Lymphoid Organs

Secondary lymphoid organs include spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils, appendix, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT).
Lymph nodes are responsible for filtering lymph, activating lymphocytes, and producing plasma cells and antibodies.
The spleen is a lymphoid organ in the upper left abdomen that filters blood, activates lymphocytes, and produces plasma cells and antibodies.
MALT is a organized area along the digestive, respiratory, and urogenital tracts that is responsible for immune response to pathogens.

Host and Antigen Factors in Immunogenicity

Host factors that influence immunogenicity include genotype, dosage, and administration of the antigen.
Antigen factors that influence immunogenicity include foreignness, molecular size, chemical composition, and the presence of adjuvants.

Innate vs. Adaptive Immunity

Innate immunity is non-specific, pre-existing, and responsive to a wide range of pathogens.
Adaptive immunity is specific, responsive, and acquired through exposure to pathogens.

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Description

This quiz covers the different body compartments that participate in the immune system, including the bloodstream, mononuclear phagocyte system, and lymphatic system. Understand the role of each compartment in acquired immunity.