Immune System Anatomy

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What is the primary purpose of a 'good' amount of inflammation in response to an infection?

To get the immune system going (correct)

To stimulate the production of cytokines

To cause septic shock

To initiate an adaptive immune response

What is a characteristic of the innate immune system's response to a microbe?

It is unique each time a microbe is encountered

It is specific to the type of microbe

It responds the same way each time a microbe is encountered (correct)

It is only activated after the adaptive immune response

What can occur when the innate immune responses fail to contain a pathogen?

The pathogen may spread and initiate an adaptive immune response (correct)

The pathogen is eliminated by the innate immune system

The adaptive immune response is suppressed

The immune system becomes tolerant to the pathogen

Which of the following diseases is NOT associated with chronic inflammation?

Hypertension Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about David Vetter's immune system?

He had to rely almost entirely on innate immunity Signup and view all the answers

What is a hallmark of the innate immune system?

Speed Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of innate immune cells in relation to inflammation?

They cause inflammation Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of too much inflammation?

It may lead to death Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell lineage does a neutrophil belong to?

Common Myeloid Progenitor Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the hallmarks of the innate immune system regarding its response to repeated exposure to the same microbe?

Repetitive Signup and view all the answers

Which component of innate immunity includes tumor necrosis factor (TNF)?

Cytokines Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are not part of the innate immune system?

Lymphocytes Signup and view all the answers

Where do immune cells originate?

Bone marrow Signup and view all the answers

Through what mechanism can the innate immune system differentiate between self and non-self?

Expression of distinct patterns on microbes Signup and view all the answers

Which immune system characteristic is predominantly associated with a rapid and early response?

Innate immune system Signup and view all the answers

What is one way that epithelial barriers function within innate immunity?

Forming physical barriers Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule is primarily responsible for attracting neutrophils to sites of inflammation?

Chemokines Signup and view all the answers

What is the immediate effect of histamine release during inflammation?

Dilation of blood vessels Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are primarily recruited first to sites of sterile tissue injury?

Neutrophils Signup and view all the answers

What role do adhesion molecules play during the inflammatory response?

Facilitating the binding of immune cells to endothelial cells Signup and view all the answers

What type of immune cells are carried into inflamed tissue along with plasma proteins?

Innate immune cells Signup and view all the answers

How do different cells respond to different chemokines?

By expressing different chemokine receptors Signup and view all the answers

What induces the expression of adhesion molecules on endothelial cells?

Histamine and inflammatory cytokines Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a direct effect of blood vessel dilation during inflammation?

Inducing chemokine receptors Signup and view all the answers