49 Questions
Which medication is a reversible inhibitor of purine synthesis?
Mycophenolate
Which medication is commonly used in human rheumatoid arthritis and inhibits pyrimidine synthesis?
Leflunomide
Which medication has adverse effects including gastrointestinal upset and allergic reactions?
Mycophenolate
Which medication has been studied for idiopathic chronic hepatitis in dogs, showing remission in 79% of cases?
Cyclosporine
Which medication has been used in refractory immune-mediated diseases such as immune-mediated polyarthritis and cutaneous histiocytosis?
Leflunomide
Which medication has been used in dogs with immune-mediated thrombocytopenia when steroids are contraindicated, achieving remission in all cases studied?
Mycophenolate
Which medication has been studied for canine atopic dermatitis, perianal fistulas, and immune-mediated hemolytic anemia?
Cyclosporine
Which medication has been used in cats with refractory immune-mediated diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease and maturation arrest?
Mycophenolate
Which medication has been used in renal transplant studies and has isolated reports of use in many immune-mediated diseases?
Leflunomide
Which medication has been used in dogs with maturation arrest and immune-mediated polyarthritis, showing complete remission in a significant proportion of cases?
Cyclosporine
Which medication inhibits pyrimidine synthesis and has adverse effects including gastrointestinal upset and hepatopathy?
Leflunomide
Which immune-suppressive medication interferes with purine synthesis and is used for conditions like IMHA and inflammatory bowel disease?
Azathioprine
Which medication is a calcineurin inhibitor that blocks gene transcription and cytokines required for T-cell activation?
Cyclosporine
Which medication has the best bioavailability in dogs and cats and is a calcineurin inhibitor?
Cyclosporine
Which medication is an alkylating agent primarily targeting B-lymphocytes, historically used for lymphoma and mast cell neoplasia?
Chlorambucil
Which medication inhibits purine synthesis and is associated with adverse effects such as gastrointestinal upset and myelosuppression?
Azathioprine
Which medication is a calcineurin inhibitor and blocks gene transcription and cytokines required for T-cell activation?
Cyclosporine
Which medication inhibits purine synthesis and is used for conditions like IMHA and inflammatory bowel disease?
Azathioprine
Which medication inhibits purine synthesis and is associated with adverse effects such as gastrointestinal upset and hepatopathy?
Mycophenolate
Which medication inhibits pyrimidine synthesis and has adverse effects including gastrointestinal upset and hepatopathy?
Leflunomide
Which type of lymphocyte is associated with antibody production?
B cell
Which immune cell type is involved in direct killing of infected or abnormal cells?
CD8 T cell
Which medication is a reversible inhibitor of purine synthesis?
Mycophenolate
Which medication is commonly used in human rheumatoid arthritis and inhibits pyrimidine synthesis?
Leflunomide
Which medication is a calcineurin inhibitor that blocks gene transcription and cytokines required for T-cell activation?
Cyclosporine
Which medication inhibits pyrimidine synthesis and has adverse effects including gastrointestinal upset and hepatopathy?
Azathioprine
Which medication has been used in dogs with immune-mediated thrombocytopenia when steroids are contraindicated, achieving remission in all cases studied?
Mycophenolate
Which medication is an alkylating agent primarily targeting B-lymphocytes, historically used for lymphoma and mast cell neoplasia?
Chlorambucil
Which medication has been used in refractory immune-mediated diseases such as immune-mediated polyarthritis and cutaneous histiocytosis?
Leflunomide
Which medication has been studied for canine atopic dermatitis, perianal fistulas, and immune-mediated hemolytic anemia?
Cyclosporine
Which medication is used in dogs with idiopathic chronic hepatitis, showing remission in 79% of cases?
Cyclosporine
Which medication is a calcineurin inhibitor with adverse effects including gastrointestinal upset and hepatopathy?
Cyclosporine
Which medication is used in refractory immune-mediated diseases such as idiopathic chronic hepatitis and bone marrow-directed diseases?
Mycophenolate
Which medication is a reversible inhibitor of purine synthesis and is associated with adverse effects such as gastrointestinal upset and myelosuppression?
Mycophenolate
Which medication has been studied for immune-mediated thrombocytopenia in dogs, achieving remission in all cases studied when steroids are contraindicated?
Mycophenolate
Which medication inhibits pyrimidine synthesis and is commonly used in human rheumatoid arthritis?
Leflunomide
Which medication is studied for refractory immune-mediated diseases such as immune-mediated polyarthritis and cutaneous histiocytosis?
Leflunomide
Which medication has been used in cats with refractory immune-mediated diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease and maturation arrest?
Leflunomide
Which medication is used in refractory immune-mediated diseases such as immune-mediated polyarthritis and cutaneous histiocytosis?
Leflunomide
Which medication inhibits pyrimidine synthesis and has adverse effects including gastrointestinal upset and hepatopathy?
Leflunomide
Which medication has been used in dogs with maturation arrest and immune-mediated polyarthritis, showing complete remission in a significant proportion of cases?
Leflunomide
Which medication has been studied for canine atopic dermatitis, perianal fistulas, and immune-mediated hemolytic anemia?
Cyclosporine
Which medication is a calcineurin inhibitor and blocks gene transcription and cytokines required for T-cell activation?
Cyclosporine
Which medication has the best bioavailability in dogs and cats and is a calcineurin inhibitor?
Cyclosporine
Which medication has adverse effects including gastrointestinal upset and allergic reactions?
Azathioprine
Which medication inhibits purine synthesis and is associated with adverse effects such as gastrointestinal upset and myelosuppression?
Azathioprine
Which immune-suppressive medication interferes with purine synthesis and is used for conditions like IMHA and inflammatory bowel disease?
Azathioprine
Which medication has been used in cats with refractory immune-mediated diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease and maturation arrest?
Azathioprine
Which medication has been studied for idiopathic chronic hepatitis in dogs, showing remission in 79% of cases?
Azathioprine
Study Notes
Review of Immune-Suppressive Medications for Immunity and Autoimmunity Considerations
- Glucocorticoids have broad anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties, affecting various immune cells and pathways.
- Glucocorticoids decrease myeloid cell function and inhibit leukocyte emigration, leading to decreased vasodilation and vascular permeability.
- Glucocorticoids also decrease activation of the complement cascade and membrane attack complex, and inhibit gene transcription encoding proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines.
- The dose ranges for glucocorticoids vary depending on their purpose, with anti-inflammatory and immune-suppressive doses ranging from 0.5-4.0 mg/kg/day.
- Commonly prescribed glucocorticoids include prednisone, prednisolone, dexamethasone, methylprednisolone, and Temaril-P, with adverse effects such as PU/PD, muscular weakness/atrophy, and hypercoagulability.
- Azathioprine, an immune-suppressive medication, interferes with purine synthesis and is used for conditions like IMHA and inflammatory bowel disease, with adverse effects including gastrointestinal upset and myelosuppression.
- Chlorambucil, historically used for lymphoma and mast cell neoplasia, is an alkylating agent primarily targeting B-lymphocytes, with adverse effects such as gastrointestinal issues and myelosuppression.
- Cyclosporine, a calcineurin inhibitor, blocks gene transcription and cytokines required for T-cell activation, and is available in various formulations for different conditions in dogs and cats, with variable onset of immune suppression.
- Cyclosporine's bioavailability is variable and generally poor, but Atopica has the best bioavailability in dogs and cats, and the human product Neoral is also acceptable.
- Mycophenolate, another immune-suppressive medication, inhibits purine synthesis and is used for conditions like IMHA and inflammatory bowel disease, with adverse effects including gastrointestinal upset and hepatopathy.
- Leflunomide, used for conditions like IMHA and inflammatory bowel disease, inhibits pyrimidine synthesis and has adverse effects including gastrointestinal upset and hepatopathy.
- Considerations for immune suppression include the varied onset of action, adverse effects, and dosage, and the newer medications have shown efficacy in managing conditions like inflammatory bowel disease and small cell GI lymphoma in cats.
Review of Immune-Suppressive Medications for Immunity and Autoimmunity Considerations
- Glucocorticoids have broad anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties, affecting various immune cells and pathways.
- Glucocorticoids decrease myeloid cell function and inhibit leukocyte emigration, leading to decreased vasodilation and vascular permeability.
- Glucocorticoids also decrease activation of the complement cascade and membrane attack complex, and inhibit gene transcription encoding proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines.
- The dose ranges for glucocorticoids vary depending on their purpose, with anti-inflammatory and immune-suppressive doses ranging from 0.5-4.0 mg/kg/day.
- Commonly prescribed glucocorticoids include prednisone, prednisolone, dexamethasone, methylprednisolone, and Temaril-P, with adverse effects such as PU/PD, muscular weakness/atrophy, and hypercoagulability.
- Azathioprine, an immune-suppressive medication, interferes with purine synthesis and is used for conditions like IMHA and inflammatory bowel disease, with adverse effects including gastrointestinal upset and myelosuppression.
- Chlorambucil, historically used for lymphoma and mast cell neoplasia, is an alkylating agent primarily targeting B-lymphocytes, with adverse effects such as gastrointestinal issues and myelosuppression.
- Cyclosporine, a calcineurin inhibitor, blocks gene transcription and cytokines required for T-cell activation, and is available in various formulations for different conditions in dogs and cats, with variable onset of immune suppression.
- Cyclosporine's bioavailability is variable and generally poor, but Atopica has the best bioavailability in dogs and cats, and the human product Neoral is also acceptable.
- Mycophenolate, another immune-suppressive medication, inhibits purine synthesis and is used for conditions like IMHA and inflammatory bowel disease, with adverse effects including gastrointestinal upset and hepatopathy.
- Leflunomide, used for conditions like IMHA and inflammatory bowel disease, inhibits pyrimidine synthesis and has adverse effects including gastrointestinal upset and hepatopathy.
- Considerations for immune suppression include the varied onset of action, adverse effects, and dosage, and the newer medications have shown efficacy in managing conditions like inflammatory bowel disease and small cell GI lymphoma in cats.
Test your knowledge of immune-suppressive medications with this quiz. Explore the mechanisms, dosage ranges, and adverse effects of glucocorticoids, azathioprine, chlorambucil, cyclosporine, mycophenolate, and leflunomide. Understand their applications in conditions like IMHA, inflammatory bowel disease, lymphoma, and mast cell neoplasia in dogs and cats.
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