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Immunity to pathogens

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Questions and Answers

Which effector mechanisms are most effective during responses to intracellular and extracellular pathogens, respectively?

CD8+ T cells and NK cells; complement activation and antibodies

Phagocytosis and NK cells; cytokine production and TLR signaling

CTL’s and macrophage activation; phagocytosis and complement activation (correct)

Interferons and CTL’s; inflammation and antibody production

What specific immune mechanism is crucial in responding to toxigenic bacteria?

CD4+ T cell-mediated cytotoxicity

Neutralization by high-affinity IgG and IgA antibodies (correct)

NK cell-mediated killing

Inflammatory response driven by IL-12 and IL-17

How do bacterial pathogens commonly evade the immune system?

By inducing antigen presentation via MHC class II

By expressing polysaccharide-rich capsules and antigenic variation (correct)

Through overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines

By inhibiting NK cell activation through IL-10 secretion

Which type of T helper cells play a significant role in combating fungal infections?

TH1 and TH17 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of Type 1 IFN’s in antiviral responses?

Inhibiting viral replication and enhancing NK cell activity Signup and view all the answers

Which immune system components are most effective against established viral infections ?

CTLs and APC mediated antigen presentation Signup and view all the answers

How do antibodies contribute to antiviral immunity?

By neutralizing viral entry and promoting opsonization Signup and view all the answers

What strategy do viruses use to evade host immune responses?

Antigenic variation and inhibition of MHC class 1 presentation Signup and view all the answers

How can viruses interfere with antigen presentation?

By producing proteins that inhibit MHC class 1 function Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary immune response mechanism against helminth infections?

IgE production and eosinophil activation via TH2 cytokines Signup and view all the answers

What immune mechanisms combat arthropod infestations?

Th2 cytokines promoting mast cell degranulation and eosinophil activation Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main innate immunity mechanisms to eliminate extracellular bacteria?

Complement activation (alternative pathway and lectin pathway), phagocytosis and inflammation Signup and view all the answers