Questions and Answers
What is the primary goal of treating patients with inflammation?
Relief of symptoms and maintenance of function
What is the main source of continuous symptoms in patients if not addressed?
Tissue damaging process
What is the consequence of not controlling the main source of inflammation or reactions?
Continuous symptoms and tissue damage
Which indices are used to define response in rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?
Signup and view all the answers
Which conditions derive from abnormalities in the cascade involving autoimmune diseases and inflammatory conditions?
Signup and view all the answers
What occurs when immunologically competent cells are activated in response to foreign organisms or antigenic substances?
Signup and view all the answers
What does reduction of inflammation with NSAIDs often result in?
Signup and view all the answers
Which phase involves the release of multiple cytokines and chemokines in the inflammatory responses?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the two primary goals in treating patients with inflammation?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the purpose of slowing or arresting the tissue damaging process in treating inflammation?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the consequence if the main source of inflammation or reactions is not controlled?
Signup and view all the answers
What do autoimmune diseases and inflammatory conditions derive from?
Signup and view all the answers
Which NSAID is associated with a lower risk of serious bleeding and cardiovascular events after myocardial infarction?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main cause of nephrotoxicity associated with NSAID use?
Signup and view all the answers
Which adverse effect is NOT commonly associated with NSAID use?
Signup and view all the answers
What effect do several NSAIDs, including aspirin, have on colon cancer incidence when taken chronically?
Signup and view all the answers
Which NSAID is mentioned as a gastric irritant but tends to cause less GI irritation than aspirin?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of all newer NSAIDs except the COX-2–selective agents and the nonacetylated salicylates?
Signup and view all the answers
Which adverse effect is associated with central nervous system disturbances, such as headaches and tinnitus?
Signup and view all the answers
As a group, which type of NSAIDs tend to cause less gastrointestinal irritation than aspirin?
Signup and view all the answers
Headaches, tinnitus, and dizziness are adverse effects associated with which system when caused by NSAID use?
Signup and view all the answers
Abdominal pain, dyspepsia, nausea, and vomiting are commonly associated with which system disturbance caused by NSAID use?
Signup and view all the answers
Fluid retention, hypertension, and edema are adverse effects associated with which system when caused by NSAID use?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) including biologics?
Signup and view all the answers
Which mechanism chiefly mediates the anti-inflammatory activity of NSAIDs?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main reason for taking NSAIDs after eating?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary characteristic of most NSAIDs in terms of protein binding?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary reason for developing many NSAIDs as alternatives to aspirin?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of NSAID is naproxen?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main difference in platelet function between aspirin and selective COX-2 inhibitors?
Signup and view all the answers
What has been recommended concerning the cardiovascular risks associated with NSAIDs?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main concern with selective COX-2 inhibitors in terms of side effects?
Signup and view all the answers
"Nabumetone" differs from other NSAIDs as it is:
Signup and view all the answers
What is one common characteristic of most NSAIDs in terms of pharmacokinetics?
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following adverse effects with the corresponding system disturbance caused by NSAID use:
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following pharmacokinetic terms with their definitions:
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following NSAIDs with their associated adverse effects:
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following terms related to NSAID action with their descriptions:
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following NSAIDs with their primary mechanism of action:
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following NSAIDs with their adverse effects:
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following NSAIDs with their primary usage:
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following NSAIDs with their unique characteristics:
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following NSAIDs with their primary mechanism of action:
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following NSAIDs with their associated adverse effects:
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following NSAIDs with their primary usage:
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following NSAIDs with their impact on platelet function:
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following COX inhibitors with their selectivity:
Signup and view all the answers
Match the NSAID with its major difference or unique characteristic:
Signup and view all the answers
Match the NSAID with its associated adverse reactions:
Signup and view all the answers
Match the NSAID with its specific medical use or indication:
Signup and view all the answers
Match the NSAID with a relevant safety consideration or limitation:
Signup and view all the answers
Match the NSAID with a relevant consideration for patients with specific conditions:
Signup and view all the answers
What is the recommended dose of abatacept for the treatment of adult patients with RA?
Signup and view all the answers
Which patients should receive 125 mg of abatacept subcutaneously once weekly?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the terminal serum half-life of abatacept?
Signup and view all the answers
What coadministration does not influence abatacept clearance?
Signup and view all the answers
When do most patients respond to abatacept after the initiation of the treatment?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary indication for using abatacept?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the slightly increased risk of infection associated with abatacept?
Signup and view all the answers
Why should live vaccines be avoided in patients while taking abatacept and up to 3 months after discontinuation?
Signup and view all the answers
What has been reported but is rare in relation to abatacept use?
Signup and view all the answers
"Anti-abatacept antibody formation" is infrequent. What does this mean?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the adverse effects predominantly related to when coadministering abatacept with TNF-α antagonists or other biologics?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main difference between conventional synthetic (cs) and biologic (b) disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs)?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a T-cell–modulating biologic approved for rheumatoid arthritis?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is an example of a small molecule conventional synthetic DMARD?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a biosimilar DMARD type for rheumatoid arthritis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main characteristic that differentiates Tofacitinib from other marketed drugs?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of large-molecule therapeutic agents are biologics often produced by?
Signup and view all the answers
Which agent belongs to the class of IL 1–inhibiting agents approved for rheumatoid arthritis?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a TNF-α blocking agent approved for rheumatoid arthritis?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a targeted synthetic DMARD for rheumatoid arthritis?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a conventional synthetic agent for treating rheumatoid arthritis?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following biologics for rheumatoid arthritis is produced by recombinant DNA technology?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a biosimilar DMARD type for rheumatoid arthritis?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of bDMARD is abatacept used for treating rheumatoid arthritis?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a B-cell cytotoxic agent approved for rheumatoid arthritis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary goal of using abatacept in patients with moderate to severe RA or severe PJIA?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the mechanism of action of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF)?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a potential adverse effect associated with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) use?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary mechanism of action of rituximab?
Signup and view all the answers
Which disease is mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) effective for treating?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common adverse effect associated with rituximab use?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the recommended interval for repeating rituximab treatment?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main purpose of pretreatment with acetaminophen, antihistamine, and intravenous glucocorticoids before rituximab infusion?
Signup and view all the answers
What adverse effect is associated with repeated courses of rituximab therapy?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the active moiety when treating rheumatoid arthritis with sulfasalazine?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main reason that approximately 30% of patients discontinue sulfasalazine due to toxicity?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the mechanism of action of tocilizumab?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the half-life of tocilizumab dependent on?
Signup and view all the answers
In which type of patients is tocilizumab indicated?
Signup and view all the answers
What adverse effect is commonly associated with tocilizumab use?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary role of tocilizumab in the management of severe COVID-19 pneumonia?
Signup and view all the answers