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Immune Evasion in Malignant Tumors

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following mechanisms is NOT a way that malignant tumors evade host immune responses?

Down-regulation of class I MHC expression on tumor cells

Production of tumor cell products that suppress anti-tumor immune responses

Induction of specific immunologic tolerance by tumor antigens

Expression of costimulators and class II MHC molecules on tumor cells (correct)

How can the downregulation of class I MHC expression on tumor cells help them evade the immune system?

It prevents the tumor cells from being recognized by natural killer (NK) cells.

It prevents the tumor cells from activating the complement pathway.

It prevents the tumor cells from being recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). (correct)

It prevents the tumor cells from expressing tumor-associated antigens.

How can the loss of expression of antigens that elicit immune responses help malignant tumors evade the immune system?

It prevents the tumor cells from expressing costimulators and class II MHC molecules.

It prevents the tumor cells from being recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). (correct)

It prevents the tumor cells from activating the complement pathway.

It prevents the tumor cells from being recognized by natural killer (NK) cells.

What role do costimulators and class II MHC molecules play in immune response to tumors?

<p>They are required for the activation of T helper cells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can the products of tumor cells suppress anti-tumor immune responses?

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Immune Evasion Mechanisms in Malignant Tumors

Malignant tumors often evade or resist the host's immune system.
Reduced Class I MHC expression: Tumor cells may downregulate Class I MHC molecules, preventing cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) from recognizing and attacking them.
Loss of immunogenic antigens: Tumors may lose the expression of antigens that would normally trigger an immune response.
Lack of costimulators and Class II MHC: Tumor cells often fail to express costimulators or Class II MHC molecules, hindering the activation and differentiation of CTLs.
Immunosuppressive tumor products: Tumor cells can produce substances that suppress anti-tumor immune responses.
Induced immunologic tolerance: Tumor antigens can sometimes induce specific immunological tolerance, making the system less able to fight the tumor.

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Description

This quiz explores the mechanisms by which malignant tumors evade the host's immune system. Key topics include reduced Class I MHC expression, loss of immunogenic antigens, and the production of immunosuppressive substances by tumor cells. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing effective cancer immunotherapies.